1988] 
Topoff & Greenberg — Polyergus 
85 
Table 1. Response of Polyergus males to sex pheromone of queens. Values 
shown are the number of males (n = 7) active before and after squashing either the 
mandibular gland or the remaining head. 
Queen # 
Gland # 
No. males responding 
to mandibular glands 
No. males responding to head 
without mandibular glands 
Before 
After 
Before After 
1(D) 
1 
2 
0 
7 
— 
2(A) 
1 
1 
6 
0 4 
2 
0 
5 
3(D) 
1 
0 
6 
0 1 
2 
0 
6 
4(D) 
1 
0 
7 
0 1 
2 
0 
7 
5(D) 
1 
0 
6 
1 1 
2 
1 
4 
6(D) 
1 
0 
5 
0 1 
2 
0 
6 
7(A) 
1 
0 
7 
0 1 
2 
0 
6 
8(A) 
1 
0 
2 
0 5 
2 
0 
7 
9(A) 
1 
2 
0 
7 
— 
10(A) 
1 
0 
5 
0 1 
2 
1 
7 
Totals 
3 
106 
1 15 
(A): alate; (D): dealate 
— : test not conducted 
flights that are not well synchronized between the sexes (Buschinger, 
1975). 
To date, the most detailed studies of sexual calling behavior in 
parasitic ants have been conducted on the myrmicine tribe Lepto- 
thoracini. Thus in both Harpagoxenus canadensis and H. sublaevis, 
queens attract males by poison-gland secretions released from the 
extruded stinger (Buschinger & Alloway, 1979). In species of ants in 
which mandibular glands are the source of sex attractants, it is 
typically males that release the pheromone. In myrmicine harvester 
ants of the genus Pogonomyrmex, for example, males are attracted 
