102 
Psyche 
[Vol. 95 
The Biomes of Montana 
Our usual guide to biomes is Odum’s map, but this time it has 
failed us, for it puts the whole of Montana in the Grassland Biome. 
Only the eastern third is in that biome and is continuous with the 
Grassland Biome in North Dakota. The middle third might be con- 
sidered ecotone between the Grassland Biome and the Coniferous 
Forest Biome of the western third, for the prairie is broken by many 
small mountain ranges, which are outliers of the Rocky Mountains 
and the Coniferous Forest Biome. In the western mountains the 
timberline is at about 9500 ft in the south to 6000 ft in the north. 
Above that is the Alpine Biome. 
With only limited ecological data we have made no attempt to list 
the ants which characterize each biome. 
Type Localities in Montana 
We have found only two type localities in Montana: — 
Manica hunteri. Wheeler, W. M. 1914: 121. “Described from a 
dozen specimens taken by Dr. S. J. Hunter from a couple of nests 
on the slopes of two mountains on the Madison River, nearly oppo- 
site the mouth of Beaver Creek, Montana, at an altitude of about 
7,500 feet.” 
Formica curiosa. Creighton 1935: 8. “TYPE LOCALITY. — 
Lake McGregor, Montana. This is a small lake about 35 miles west 
of Kalispell.” 
Plan for the List 
Subfamilies and genera are arranged as in the Smithsonian 
catalog (Smith 1979). The species in each genus are arranged alpha- 
betically except in Formica where they are first divided into species- 
groups; here we do not follow Smith, because we have transferred 
the microgyria species-group into the rufa species-group. 
The localities in which a species has been collected are grouped by 
counties (see Figure 1) which are arranged alphabetically. The local- 
ities represented by our collecting are preceded by an asterisk. Those 
in the Borchert-Anderson study are followed by (BA); those of 
Youngs-Campbell by (YC); those from Snelling by (LA). (See intro- 
duction.) Others are followed by the name of the author and year of 
publication of the book or article. Finally the elevation above sea 
level is given wherever known. 
