212 
Psyche 
[Vol. 95 
veins were no longer uniquely diagnostic. Bequaert (1918) ques- 
tioned whether Gayella belonged in the Raphiglossinae, since the 
longitudinal plaiting of the forewings “is very obsolete” in the genus, 
and Bradley (1922) placed it in its own subfamily in Vespidae s. /. 
Bequaert (1928) transferred Paramasaris to this subfamily, based on 
its possession of the characteristic hindwing venation of Gayella 
(Fig. 3). Richards (1962) included the Gayellinae in his Masaridae, 
but his dendrogram showed Euparagiinae as more closely related 
to the subfamily Masarinae. I (Carpenter, 1981) demonstrated that 
Richards’ Masaridae was a paraphyletic group, since Euparagiinae 
is the sister-group of Vespidae as a whole. Four synapomorphies 
were adduced which showed a sister-group relationship between 
gayellines and masarines: presence of hypostomal apodemes, loss of 
the midfemur basal ring, loss of the scutal lamella and provisioning 
with nectar and pollen. Gayellines and masarines were treated as 
tribes in an expanded Masarinae, the system followed here. 
Gayella was originally described as monotypic for G. eumenoides 
by Spinola (1851). Saussure (1855 in Vol. 3 of Etudes), Willink 
(1956, 1963) and Willink and Ajmat de Toledo (1979) added five 
species. The latter paper provided a key to the six species, however I 
believe that the key given here will be easier to use. Paramasaris was 
also originally described as monotypic, for P.fuscipennis Cameron. 
Cameron (1904) later described a new genus Zethoides ( non 
Zethoides Fox, 1899; Plesiozethus Cameron, 1905, and Metaze- 
thoides Schulz, 1906, are replacement names) for Z. flavolineatus, 
which differed from Paramasaris in having only two (Fig. 5), as 
opposed to three (Fig. 6), submarginal cells. Zavattari (1912) ques- 
tioned whether Cameron had described this character correctly, and 
Bradley (1922) suspected that Plesiozethus was a synonym of Para- 
masaris. This was confirmed by Bequaert (1928), who showed that 
the number of submarginal cells was variable, and synonymized 
flavolineatus with fuscipennis. Giordani Soika (1974) described two 
new species in the genus, but provided no key. He also described a 
new genus, Paragayella, monotypic for the new species Paragayella 
richardsi. I consider this genus a synonym of Paramasaris, as dis- 
cussed below. I also give the first key to species of the group. 
Materials and Methods 
All of the species have been examined. Types of Paramasaris have 
been seen; treatment of Gayella follows WiJlink’s concepts. Com- 
