214 
Psyche 
[Vol. 95 
plete label data for all material of Paramasaris are listed under 
taxonomic notes for each species; for the relatively better known 
Gayella only provinces are noted. Acronyms for collections are 
listed below, along with the name of the individuals who provided 
the material where this was borrowed. 
AMNH American Museum of Natural History, New York 
(M. S. Favreau) 
BMNH British Museum of Natural History, London (M. C. 
Day, C. R. Vardy) 
CAS California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco (W J. 
Pulawski) 
CP Charles Porter personal collection 
IML Instituto Miguel Lillo, Tucuman (A. Willink) 
IPC Instituto Pedagogico de Chile 
MCZ Museum of Comparative Zoology, Cambridge 
MF M. A. Fritz personal collection 
MNHN Museum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris 
UCD University of California, Davis (P. S. Ward) 
USNM U.S. National Museum of Natural History, Washington 
(A. S. Menke) 
Morphological terminology follows Carpenter (1981), except that 
I have adopted Snelling’s (1986) more descriptive terms “preoccipi- 
tal” and “postocular” for the carinae previously termed “dorsal 
occipital keel” and “ventral occipital keel” (Richards, 1962). 
Detailed examination of the labiomaxillary complex and male geni- 
talia was made by dissection of these structures, clearing slightly in 
cold lactophenol, and examination in glycerin. Measurements were 
made with an ocular micrometer. Illustrations were made with a 
Wild M-400 photomacroscope employing Kadak TMAX 400 film. 
Cladistic analysis (Hennig, 1966) was performed for all the features 
discussed in this paper. Outgroup taxa include Masarini and 
Euparagiinae, with reference to other Vespidae also occasionally 
made. 
Results 
Subfamily characters 
First I discuss some morphological features important in higher- 
level vespid relationships, before turning to consideration of the 
phylogenetic relationships among the species. Autapomorphies of 
