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[Vol. 95 
the Gayellini listed by Carpenter (1981) include the hindwing with 
Cui diverging from M+Cui far distad of the insertion of cu-a (Fig. 
3), the clypeus with the dorsal margin bisinuate (Fig. 12), the first 
metasomal tergum and sternum fused and metasomal segments 
after II retractile (the latter two convergent with other vespids). 
Some other autapomorphies are mentioned below. 
Forewing discal cell. Carpenter (1981:14) noted that the discal 
cell is shorter than the submedian in Paramasaris. This is also the 
case in Gayella (Fig. 1), and this should be considered a reversion 
from the state of an elongate discal cell in other Vespidae (Fig. 4; cf 
Carpenter, 1981), and thus an autapomorphy of Gayellini. 
Forewing radial region. The variation in the number of sub- 
marginal cells in Paramasaris was alluded to above. Besides fusci- 
pennis, I have seen loss of r-ni 2 producing two submarginal cells in 
several specimens of brasiliensis (including the allotype and para- 
type, Fig. 5). The placement of m-cui varies as well, sometimes 
meeting M at the fork where RS diverges. But this is not correlated 
with number of cells, and most specimens have the usual condition 
of RS diverging first (Figs. 5-6). In addition, the specimen of Para- 
gayella richardsi from Formoso, Brazil, has a very small adventi- 
tious cell at the junction of r-ni 3 and RS on one wing (Fig. 6), and 
both Goias specimens have an adventitious vein spur arising from 
the middle of r-ni 3 (Fig. 6). 
Clypeus. The clypeus is narrower than its height in all species, 
particularly in males (Figs. 11-17). Richards (1962:46) stated that 
the reverse is true in Paramasaris, perhaps a lapsus. This is not the 
usual state in Vespidae, and is perhaps apomorphic, although the 
degree of narrowing varies in the tribe. 
Occipital carinae. Gayellini have both the postocular and 
preoccipital carinae in the groundplan, contrary to Richards 
(1962:12). The postocular carina is reduced in length, and may be 
present only as a trace just ventral to the eye in Gayella, but is 
typically obvious in the eumenoides group. The carinae are almost 
confluent in many specimens of eumenoides and araucana, sepa- 
rated by only a slight gap (Fig. 18). The “complete” carina in Para- 
masaris (Richards, 1962:46; Fig. 19) is evidently produced by 
confluence of the postocular with the preoccipital carina, as occurs 
in some Masarini (Snelling, 1986) and probably other Vespidae 
(Carpenter, 1988). The postocular carina is effaced in Paragayella 
(Fig. 20). 
