1988] 
Carpenter — Gayellini 
225 
Masarinae. The first metasomal tergum has a blunt posterior ridge 
that is continued anterolaterally and drawn out into projections 
posterolaterally (Figs. 35, 40), a feature unique in Vespidae. The 
tergum is also strongly truncate anteriorly (Fig. 35). The second 
tergum has a median longitudinal ridge (Figs. 40, 42), which how- 
ever is variably developed in brasiliensis (strong in the male and not 
developed in the female, Fig. 35). A longitudinal ridge is found 
elsewhere in Vespidae only within Eumeninae ( Cyphomenes , where 
it is anterior). Finally, the parameral spines of the male genitalia are 
extremely elongate in brasiliensis and fuscipennis, being longer than 
the parameres and extending far beyond the apex of the aedeagus 
(Fig. 56). This is apparently a derived condition; in Gayella, Eupa- 
ragiinae and Masarini the spines are shorter than the parameres and 
extend little beyond the aedeagus (Figs. 57-63). Males of cupreus 
are predicted to share this synapomorphy, and possibly also 
Paragayella. 
Within Paramasaris, cupreus and fuscipennis are sister-groups. 
This is shown by the paraglossae also lacking acroglossal buttons 
(Fig. 21), the female clypeus with a pair of short apical carinae (Fig. 
13), the second carina of the pronotum more complete dorsally (Fig. 
26), and the longitudinal carina on tergum II well developed in 
females (Figs. 40, 42). Autapomorphies of the species are: for 
cupreus the propodeal median groove delimited by more lamellate 
carinae (Fig. 34); for fuscipennis the oblique propodeal carina better 
defined (Fig. 33), and the dorsal groove and scrobal furrow of the 
mesepisternum broader and deeper (Fig. 31, cf with 29-30, 40). I 
have not discovered any autapomorphies of brasiliensis. 
Since Paragayella is the sister-group of Paramasaris, recognition 
of both genera is consistent with monophyly. However, it serves 
little useful purpose. Paragayella itself has few apomorphies — it 
mostly lacks those of Paramasaris. Recognition of Paragayella thus 
contributes little to the process of efficient diagnosis. Since 
Paragayella is monotypic, and Paramasaris consists of but three 
propodeal median groove; dg: dorsal groove; Im: longitudinal metanotal carina; 
oc: oblique propodeal carinae; pp: posterior pronotal carina; sf: scrobal furrow; 
77; metasomal tergum I; TII: metasomal tergum II; tc: posterolateral tergal 
projection. 
