1988] 
Carpenter — Gayellini 
229 
in the mutilloides group ( cf Figs. 57-58 and 59-61, 63), and is here 
inferred as an elaboration. A sister-group relationship therefore 
obtains between eumenoides and araucana. The first has the 
autapomorphy of the humeri projecting above the anterior pronotal 
carina (Fig. 27). A very weak angle is also found in reedi, and 
Paramasaris has an angle of a different form (Fig. 24), but the 
projection is much stronger in eumenoides . Willink and Ajmat de 
Toledo (1979: fig. 3) depict eumenoides as having an apically 
bilobed aedeagus; however the shape varies among specimens in my 
dissections, and most have a broadly rounded apex as in other 
Gayella (Fig. 57). The sister-species of eumenoides, araucana, also 
has some autapomorphies. The acroglossal buttons are very reduced 
in size in the male, whereas they are elongate in the female and other 
Gayella. The pronotal punctation in araucana is relatively coarser 
than in the rest of the tribe, so this may also be a derived feature. The 
margins of the pronotum are more or less subparallel in araucana 
and more convex in other Gayella {cf. Figs. 27 and 28), but the 
difference from eumenoides is slight. The first metasomal tergum is 
narrower than in other species of the genus {cf. Figs. 43 and 44-45), 
but this is approached in some specimens of eumenoides. The male 
genitalia has the cuspis with the basal tubercle sharply pointed (Fig. 
58). The tubercle is usually less pointed in eumenoides (Fig. 57), 
but some specimens approach araucana. Willink and Ajmat de 
Toledo (1979: fig. 5) depict a rather different digitus in araucana. 
However, their figures were evidently drawn from specimens flat 
tened on slides, and do not accurately portray the relative uniform- 
ity in this structure (or the aedeagus) among the species (Figs. 
57-63). 
Mutilloides group 
The most obvious feature supporting the monophyly of the mutil- 
loides group is the coat of elongate black hairs (Figs. 36, 45, 53). 
This trait can be an ecological correlate in other vespids, being 
found for example in species of Hypodynerus (Eumeninae) sympat- 
ric with Gayella. Members of the mutilloides group share other 
tergum VII. 50. G. reedi, 17X. 51. G. araucana, 20X. 52. G. eumenoides, 
I7X. 53. G. patagonica $, 7X. Lateral view of metasoma. 54. G. luispenai 
8X. Oblique ventral view of metasomal sternum II. Im: longitudinal metanotal 
carina; sp: sternal ridge projection; sr: posterolateral ridge of metasomal sternum II; 
tm: transverse metanotal carina. 
