1972] 
Aliller & Kurczewski — Entomognathus 
65 
wasps, flies, and beetles as they landed on the leaves. They pursued 
females in flight and pounced upon them as they rested on the 
vegetation. One “mating ball” of three males and a female was seen 
tumbling over the sand until only one male remained whereupon 
the pair flew, still coupled, into the dense vegetation behind the cliff. 
Nest-Site Selection. Although both males and females spent the 
night in pre-existing holes in the cliff, facing head-outward, these 
burrows were not utilized by the wasps for nest-sites. The females 
emerged from the holes between 10 and 11 a„m. and reentered them 
for the night between 2 130 and 3 130 p.m. The males were seen 
outside earlier in the morning and later in the afternoon than this. 
During the day females flew from one preexisting cavity to another, 
searching longest in root-shrouded areas near the top of the cliff. 
Occasionally, they climbed up the rootlets and sampled the soil 
with their mandibles. The males, on the other hand, investigated 
holes in the cliff only during late afternoon when they were looking 
for places to spend the night. 
At Presque Isle females were out for nearly a week without one 
of them selecting a permanent nest-site or bringing in provisions. 
Seven males and three females observed at Chittenango on 12 July 
1971 behaved similar to the wasps at Presque Isle, except for one 
female which entered a nest with prey. 
Nest Structure. Seven nests of E. memorialis were excavated and 
studied at Chittenango. The entrances, 4.0-4. 5 mm in diameter, 
were located among dense rootlets, 9.5-24.0 (mean 13.3) cm below 
the top of the cliff. A narrow, rather inconspicuous streak of sand 
extended down the slope beneath each entrance, indicating evidence 
of recent soil removal. The burrows, 3 mm in diameter, entered the 
outer sandy-loam at about right angles to the cliff and usually 
arched upward before descending into hard-packed sand in one or 
more undulations (Fig. 2a-d). The mean length of unobstructed 
burrow from the entrance was 16.8 (9.5-27.0) cm. The distance 
from the entrance to the farthest cell in the nest via the burrow 
ranged from 9.5 to 29.0 (mean 21.2) cm. 
The four nests containing the largest number of cells (9-20) 
exhibited branching of the main burrow. The cells were arranged 
either singly, in fan-shaped clusters, or in series, with cells in tandem 
especially common. Tunnels from the main burrow to cells in 
clusters were not traceable, but those leading to and adjoining the 
cells in tandem were often loosely filled with sand and easily fol- 
lowed. The broadly oval cells averaged 4.4 X 8.5 mm and ranged 
from 4 X 6 to 5 X 13 mm (N=29). They were located 13. 5-25.0 
