74 
Psyche 
[March-June 
of the memorialis females we implicated in nest repossession and 
renovation. The egg-bearer is placed venter-up in the cell in both 
species. The larvae of both species push the uneaten prey remains 
to one end of the ceil rather than distributing them evenly over the 
surface of the cocoon as in Lindenius and certain Crahro spp. 
A comparison of the mature larva of brevis , based upon Grandi’s 
(1927) study, with that of memorialis reveals many similarities and 
only few differences. The base of the prementum of memorialis is 
rather truncate on the oral side, whereas that of brevis is strongly 
rounded. The conspicuous tuft of long, erect setae on the lacinial 
area of memorialis is apparently lacking in brevis. The spinules 
on the inner margin of the maxilla and the oral surface of the 
prementum of brevis are shorter and finer than those of memorialis. 
These differences are seemingly minor and may represent differences 
in preparation of the material or artistic rendition rather than genuine 
specific differences. 
Our study of E. memorialis confirms several behavioral similarities 
between this genus and the larrine genus Bothy nostethus which were 
pointed out in a paper on the nesting behavior of B. distinctus Fox 
by Kurczewski and Evans (1972). The most important of these 
homologies appear to be transverse, “larrine-like” egg placement and 
the habit of preying upon adult Chrysomelidae. Other ethological 
similarities between E. memorialis and B. distinctus include nesting 
in sand-cliffs among rootlets, transporting the prey in flight, storing 
an equivalent number of beetles per cell (mean 5), and placing the 
egg-bearing prey head-inward and venter-up at the innermost end 
of the cell. 
Several differences in nesting behavior between E. memorialis and 
B. distinctus are noteworthy. According to Kurczewski and Evans, 
B. distinctus apparently constructs short branching side burrows 
from pre-existing galleries made by other insects, resulting in a 
highly variable nest structure. E. memorialis builds undulating, 
descending burrows with cells in tandem series or clusters around 
the distal half of the main burrow. Although B. distinctus also 
apparently holds the beetle with the middle legs in flight, it carries 
the prey dorsum-up and utilizes its mandibles to grasp the beetle’s 
antennae. E. memorialis carries the prey venter-up but does not 
use the mandibles in transport. Burrow storage of prey, a feature 
typical of many crabronines, has been observed in the latter species 
and in E. brevis but not in B. distinctus. The completed cocoon 
of Entomognathus is entirely free of prey remains, whereas that of 
