IOO 
Psyche 
[March-J une 
parison is based on Grandi’s (1927) description of the larva of 
E. brevis Lind, and on Miller and Kurczewski’s (1972) descrip- 
tion of the larva of E. memorialis Banks]. 
Discussion 
Considering the resemblances between the larvae of Bothy nostethus 
and Entomognathus and the proposition that the Larrinae and 
Crabroninae may not deserve status as separate subfamilies (Evans, 
1964), it seems worthwhile to compare the ecologies, nesting be- 
haviors, and cocoon morphologies of members of these two little- 
known genera. Such a comparison is now possible because Miller 
and Kurczewski have recently studied the behavior of Entomognathus 
memorialis Banks in some detail and have reviewed the literature 
on members of this genus in the following article. 
Bothynostethus distinct us resembles Entomognathus memorialis and 
E. brevis Lind, in nesting in sand-cliffs and slopes, although the last 
species also nests in flat sand (Chambers, 1949). These three species 
plus E. texana Cresson possibly utilize pre-existing burrows for the 
proximal portions of their nests (Adlerz, 1912; Cazier and Morten- 
son, 1965); however, at least E. memorialis , in addition, constructs 
nests from the sand surface. In either case, searching for nest-sites 
involves characteristic hovering flights interspersed with soil sampling 
or hole searching, a behavior prevalent in Mimesa and Trypoxylon. 
Although members of both genera transport the prey in flight in 
a head-forward position E. memorialis carries the beetle venter-up 
with the legs as in most crabronines (Pedal Type 1, Evans, 1962), 
whereas B. distinctus carries the beetle dorsum-up and, in addition 
to using the legs, grasps the prey’s antennae with the mandibles as 
in many larrines (Mandibular Type 3). At least one species of 
Entomognathus , memorialis , stores prey in the burrow prior to their 
arrangement in the cell and oviposition. B. distinctus apparently 
takes the beetles directly into the cell. Many cells in the nests of 
E. memorialis are constructed in tandem series, whereas cells in the 
nests of B. distinctus are evidently built singly at the ends of short 
side burrows. 
The use of a common family of beetles by members of these 
two genera should not be overemphasized, as many examples of 
convergence in prey type are known in the Sphecidae. One note- 
worthy example is the frequent use of the tarnished plant bug, 
Lygus lineolaris (Beauvois) by the larrine Plenoculus davisi Fox 
and by the crabronine Anacrabro ocellatus Packard (Kurczewski, 
1968; Kurczewski and Peckham, 1970). It is entirely possible that 
