2 7 8 
Psyche 
[December 
( L. ) ) to include only those species having such apophyses, an as- 
semblage of species geographically restricted to western Eurasia 
which he believes to represent a derivative, more highly evolved, 
endemic palearctic lineage. So far as now known, Lestage’s Boreus 
would include only four or five species: B. hy emails (L.), B. west- 
woodi Hagen, B. lokayi Klapalek, B. kratochvili Mayer, and B. 
chadzhi-gireji to judge from Martynova’s (1954) remarks. If rec- 
ognized, Euboreus would encompass all, or nearly all, of the re- 
mainder, some 15 North American species and at least 5 of the 
Eurasiatic forms: B. navasi , B. semenovi, B. orientcilis Martynova, 
B. vlasovi, and B. bey-bienkoi (no males are known for either B. 
aktijari or B. sjoestedti Navas, 1926). In Lestage’s view, the spe- 
cies falling into Euboreus represent “un type paleoendemique prim- 
itif ”, an important notion (were it true) which features prominently 
in his evolutionary explanation of boreid zoogeography. 
One test of the degree to which Lestage’s two genera are useful 
concepts is to enquire whether other characters, not ordinarily em- 
ployed in taxonomies, independently suggest that these aggregates 
do reflect important phyletic distinctions even though main, exter- 
nally visible characters traditionally used in diagnosis are shared by 
certain members in each of Lestage’s two genera. Certainly it would 
seem to be so if forms placed in Euboreus share as a group important 
internal and cytological dissimilarities from the members of Les- 
tage’s Boreus. 
There is not much information to draw upon, but what there is 
seems conclusive. The reproductive systems of Boreus hy emails 
(Steiner 1937; Potter 1938) and “Euboreus” brumalis (Cooper 
1940) are strikingly dissimilar in lobulation of testis, testicular 
calyx, and spermatheca, as well as in their sex chromosomal comple- 
ments. I have found that B. hy emails has an XO (male) — XX (fe- 
male) sex determination. " Euboreus ” brumalis , however, has X t X 2 Y 
— males and XiXiXoXs females (Cooper 1951). Nothing is 
known of the chromosomes of “E.” notoperates , nor have others de- 
scribed the chromosomes of additional species. But the genital sys- 
tems of “E.” notoperates (figs. 8-9), though peculiar by possession 
of a very short vas deferens, one less lobe per testis, and a distinc- 
tively organized spermatheca which has a duct of negligible length, 
are not as unlike those of “E.” brumalis as they are those of B. hye- 
malis. Indeed the chief distinctions shown by “E.” notoperates may 
be viewed as larger departures along the same paths as those by 
which “E.” brumalis differs from B. hy emails , and thus wholly con- 
sistent with Lestage’s views. 
