364 
Psyche 
[December 
but become so gradually, as a result of numerous maturational and 
experiential effects that occur within the colony environment. Al- 
though the literature on the social behavior of ants is vast, espe- 
cially studies concerning the pheromonal basis of sociality, behavior- 
ists have largely ignored the developmental aspects of such studies. 
We hope that our contributions will stimulate more research on the 
development of social behavior in these insects. 
Acknowledgements 
This work was supported by a grant (GB- 14724) from the Na- 
tional Science Foundation and by a grant (# 1375) from the Re- 
search Foundation of the City University of New York. 
Summary 
Comparisons were made between the trail-following performance 
of callow and mature adult ants representing two species of the 
neotropical genus Eciton. The behavioral immaturity of the callows 
was evidenced by the fact that their running speeds over the trails 
were significantly slower than those of the older ants. Nevertheless, 
the number of callows able to follow along any portion of the trail, 
as well as the number able to complete the trail, was not signifi- 
cantly different from the older ants. Accordingly, we can not ac- 
count for the absence of callow ants from raiding columns during 
the first few days after their emergence from the pupal stage of de- 
velopment as due to their inability to follow the chemical trail. We 
hypothesize that the callows’ sensitivity to chemical and tactual stim- 
ulation inside of the nest may serve to prevent them from participat- 
ing in raiding activities. 
Literature Cited 
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1971. Army Ants: A Study in Social Organization . (W. H. Freeman 
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