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LANDSCAPE GARDENING. 
of foliage, which catch and throw off the broad lights and 
shadows in the finest manner. When the Black walnut 
stands alone on a deep fertile soil, it becomes a truly majes- 
tic tree ; and its lower branches often sweep the ground in a 
graceful curve, which gives additional beauty to its whole 
expression. It is admirably adapted to extensive lawns, 
parks, or plantations, where there is no want of room for the 
attainment of its full size and fair proportions. Its rapid 
growth and umbrageous foliage also recommend it for wide 
public streets and avenues. 
The European walnut (J. regia ,) or as it is generally 
termed here, the Madeira nut , is one of the most common 
cultivated trees of Europe, where it was introduced originally 
from Persia. It differs from our Black walnut, (which, how- 
ever, it much resembles,) in the smooth, gray bark of the 
stem, the leaves composed of three or four pair of leaflets, and 
in the very thin-shelled fruit, which, though not exceed- 
ing the Black walnut in size, yet contains a much larger 
kernel, which is generally considered more delicate in fla- 
vour. In the interior of France, orchards of the walnut are 
planted, and a considerable commerce is carried on in its 
products consisting chiefly of the fruit, of which large quan- 
tities are consumed in all parts of Europe. The wood is 
greatly used in the manufacture of gun-stocks, and in 
cabinet-making ; (though it is much inferior to the American 
walnut wood for this purpose ;) and the oil extracted from 
the kernel, is in high estimation for mixing with delicate 
colours used in painting, and other purposes. 
The European walnut is a noble tree in size, and thickly 
clad in foliage. It is much esteemed as a shade-tree by the 
Dutch ; and Evelyn, who is an enthusiastic admirer of its 
beauties, mentions their fondness for this tree as in the high- 
