446 
APPENDIX. 
selves in possession of a tree in such a perfect condition, that even when 
of considerable size, we may confidently hope for a speedy recovery of 
its former luxuriance after being replanted. 
Now to remove a tree in this manner, requires not only a considerable 
degree of experience, which is only to be acquired by practice, but also 
much 'patience and perseverance while engaged in the work. It is not a 
difficult task to remove, in a careless manner, four or five trees in a day, 
of fifteen feet in height, by the assistance of three or four men and proper 
implements of removal ; while one or two trees only can be removed if 
the roots and branches are preserved entire or nearly so. Yet in the lat- 
ter case, if the work be well performed, we shall have the satisfaction of 
beholding the subjects, when removed, soon taking fresh root, and becom- 
ing vigorous healthy trees with fine luxuriant heads ; while three-fourths 
of the former will most probably perish, and the remainder struggle for 
several years, under the loss of so large a portion of their roots and 
branches, before they entirely recover and put on the appearance of 
handsome trees. 
When a tree is carelessly transplanted, and the roots much mutilated, 
the operator feels obliged to reduce the top accordingly ; as experience 
teaches him, that although the leaves may expand, yet they will soon 
perish without a fresh supply of food from the roots. But when the 
largest portion of the roots are carefully taken up with the tree, pruning 
may be nearly or entirely dispensed with, and thus the original symmetry 
and beauty of the head retained. When this is the case, the leaves 
contribute as much, by their peculiar action in elaborating the sap, 
towards re-establishing the tree, as the roots ; and indeed the two act so 
reciprocally with each other, that any considerable injury to the one, 
always affects the other. “ The functions of respiration, perspiration, 
and digestion,” says Professor Bindley, “which are the particular offices 
of leaves, are essential to the health of a plant : its healthiness being in 
proportion to the degree in which these functions are duly performed. 
The leaf is in reality a natural contrivance for exposing a large surface 
to the influence of external agents, by whose assistance the crude sap con- 
tained in the stem is altered and rendered suitable to the particular wants 
of the species, and for returning into the general circulation, the fluids 
in their matured condition. In a word, the leaf of a plant is its lungs and 
