APPENDIX. 
447 
stomach traversed by a system of veins,”* All the prunning, therefore, 
that is necessary, when a tree is properly transplanted, will be comprised 
in paring smooth all bruises, or accidental injuries, received by the roots 
or branches during the operation, or the removal of a few that may 
interfere with elegance of form in the head. 
Next in importance to the requisite care in performing the operation of 
transplanting, is the proper choice of individul trees to he transplanted. In 
making selections for removal among our fine forest trees, it should 
never be forgotten that there are two distinct kinds of subjects even of 
the same species of every tree, viz : those that grow among and sur- 
rounded by other trees or woods, and those which grow alone, in free 
open exposures, where they are acted upon by the winds, storms, and 
sunshine, at all times and seasons. The former class it will always be 
exceedingly difficult to transplant successfully, even with the greatest 
care ; while the latter may always be removed with comparatively little 
risk of failure. 
Any one who is at all familiar with the growth of trees in woods or 
groves somewhat dense, is also aware of the great difference in the ex- 
ternal appearance between such trees and those which stand singly in 
open spaces. In thick woods, trees are found to have tall, slender trunks 
with comparatively few branches except at the top, smooth and thin bark, 
and they are scantily provided with roots, but especially with the small 
fibres so essentially necessary to insure the growth of the tree when 
transplanted. Those, on the other hand, which stand isolated, have 
short thick stems, numerous branches, thick bark and a great abundance 
of root and small fibres. The latter, accustomed to the full influence of 
the weather, to cold winds, as well as open sunshine, have, what Sir 
Henry Steuart has aptly denominated, the “ protecting properties' ' well 
developed : being robust and hardy, they are well calculated to endure 
the violence of the removal, while trees growing in the midst of a wood, 
sheltered from the tempests by their fellows, and scarcely ever receiving 
the sun and air freely except at their topmost branches, are too feeble 
to withstand the change of situation, when removed to an open lawn, 
even when they are carefully transplanted. 
“ Of trees in open exposures,” says Sir Henry, “ we find that their 
Theory of Horticulture, 
