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APPENDIX. 
just covered with soil, it serves to settle the loose earth compactly 
around the various roots, and thus both furnishes a supply of moisture, 
and brings the pulverized mould in proper contact for growth. Trees 
well watered when planted in this way, will rarely require it afterwards ; 
and should they do so, the better way is to remove two or three inches 
of the top soil, and give the lower stratum a copious supply ; when, the 
water having been absorbed^ the surface should again be replaced. 
There is no practice more mischievous to newly moved trees, than 
that of pouring water, during hot weather, upon the surface of the ground 
above the roots. Acted upon by the sun and wind, this surface becomes 
baked, and but little water reaches the roots ; or just sufficient perhaps 
to afford a momentary stimulus, to be followed by increased sensibility 
to the parching drought 
With respect to the proper seasons for transplanting, we may remark 
that, except in extreme northern latitude, autumn planting is generally 
preferred for large, hardy, deciduous trees. It may commence as soon as 
the leaves fall, and may be continued until winter. In planting large 
trees in spring, we should commence as early as possible, to give them 
the benefit of the April rains if it should be deferred to a later period, 
the trees will be likely to suffer greatly by the hot summer sun before 
they are well established. 
The transplanting of evergreens is generally considered so much more 
difficult than that of deciduous trees, and so many persons who have 
tolerable success in the latter, fail in the former, that we may perhaps 
be expected to point out the reason of these frequent failures. 
Most of our horticultural maxims are derived from English authors, and 
among them, that of always planting evergreens either in August, or late 
in autumn. At both these seasons, it is nearly impossible to succeed in 
the temperate portions of the United States, from the different character 
of our climate at these seasons. The genial moisture of the English 
climate, renders transplanting comparatively easy at all seasons, but 
especially in winter ; while in this country, our Augusts are dry and 
hot, and our winters generally dry and cold. If planted in the latter part 
of summer, evergreens become parched in their foliage, and soon perish. 
If planted in autumn or early winter, the severe cold that ensues, to 
which the newly disturbed plant is peculiarly alive, paralyzes vital 
action, and the tree is so much enfeebled that, when spring arrives, it 
