SAUNDERS] 
BRITISH ORNITHOLOGY 
507 
the ministers) had done for generations, and for this reason 
I flatter myself I will be able to throw fresh light on the 
subject.” He would appear to have remained about two 
months on the island. 
[1876.] Out of the World ; or Life in St. Kilda. Edinburgh and London : 
N.D. 
Collation — 1 vol. 8vo. pp. 92 and plates. 
Idem. 2nd edit, corrected and enlarged, Edinburgh, 1877. 
Contains numerous accounts of the birds of the island. 
Saunders (Howard), 1835-1907 
Saunders was born in London on September 16 , 1835 , 
and received his early education at Leatherhead and 
Rottingdean. Subsequently he entered the office of Anthony 
Gibbs & Sons, merchants and bankers in the City. The 
foreign associations of that firm caused his thoughts to turn 
in the direction of South America, and, being naturally of 
an adventurous and energetic disposition, in 1855 he deter- 
mined to leave England on a journey to Brazil and Chile. 
In 1862 he returned to England, but only to devote most of 
his time until 1868 to the investigation of the avifauna of 
Spain, a subject on which he soon became our recognised 
authority, contributing articles to the Ibis for 1869 , 1871 , 
1872 , .and 1878 ; while he wrote in a more popular style for 
the Field in 1874 his “ Ornithological Rambles in Spain and 
Majorca.” In 1868 he married Emily, daughter of Mr. 
William Minshull Bigg, of Stratford Place, and took up his 
residence in England ; but he still found time to continue 
his continental expeditions, the results of which are incorpor- 
ated in papers to the Ibis on the birds of the Pyrenees in 
1883-84 and those of Switzerland in 1891 , while in 1893 
these were followed by an account of “ The Distribution of 
Birds in France.” 
Saunders was an active member of the Zoological, Linnean, 
and Royal Geographical Societies, and was elected a member 
of the British Ornithologists’ Union in 1870 , and in 1901 
entered upon the office of Secretary, a post which he held 
till his death. He was also the first Secretary and Treasurer 
