[ 8 3 
SMALL MAGNOLIA, 
OR 
WHITE BAY. 
Magnolia glauca. M. foliis œqualiter ovalibus, vel ovali-oblongis : subtùs 
glaucis. 
This tree, though inferior in size to the preceding species, and less 
regularly formed, is interesting on account of its beautiful foliage and 
flowers. The Small Magnolia has latelybeen found near Cape Anne in 
Massachusetts, in the latitude of 45° 50'. It is common in Lower Jersey, 
and becomes more so in proceeding toward the south. In the maritime 
parts of the Southern States, in the Floridas and in Lower Louisiana, it is 
one of the most abundant among the trees which grow in wet grounds. It 
is not found far in the interior of the country, and in New York, Penn- 
sylvania and Maryland, disappears 30 or 40 miles north of the capitals 
of these States. In the Carolinas and in Georgia, it grows only -within 
the limits which I have assigned to the pine-barrens. I do not remember 
to have met with it in the back parts of these States, nor in the country 
west of the Mountains. In Philadelphia and New York, and in their vici- 
nity, this tree is called Magnolia, which denomination has entirely super-i 
seded those of Swamp Sassafras and Beaver Wood, which were in use 
among the Swedish settlers who first fixed themselves in the country. In 
the Southern States, it is generally called White Bay or Sweet Bay. 
In the lower parts of New Jersey and Pennsylvania, and further south, 
the Small Magnolia is seen only in the most miry swamps, which, during 
the greater part of the year, are so wet as to be impassible. Here it is 
accompanied by the White Cedar, and by the different species of Andro- 
meda and of Whortleberry. In the Carolinas and in Georgia, it is rarely 
found in the large swamps which border the rivers ; but it grows abund- 
antly, I may almost say exclusively, in the long and narrow marshes which 
traverse the pine-barrens , and of which the black and miry soil reposes 
upon a bed of sterile sand : with the Loblolly Bay and Red Bay, it con- 
stitutes the mass of these woods. In the last mentioned States, the Small 
Magnolia sometimes risesto the height of 40 feet, with a diameter of 12 or 14 
