REVISION OF THE MILVINA GROUP 
OF THE WOLF SPIDER GENUS PARDOSA 
(ARANEAE: LYCOSIDAE)i 
By C. D. Dondale and J. H. Redner 
Biosystematics Research Institute 
Research Branch, Agriculture Canada, 
Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1A OC6 
Introduction 
The genus Pardosa C. L. Koch is a large and widespread group of 
wolf spiders. Several species groups have been recognized in North 
America (Lowrie and Dondale 1981). The objective of the present 
paper is to define and revise the milvina group. 
The milvina group of the genus Pardosa consists of 18 American 
species of wolf spiders. The greatest concentration of species seems 
to be in the southeastern United States and Mexico. Only P. milvina 
(Hentz), P. saxatilis (Hentz), and P. littoralis Banks range 
northward as far as Canada, and only P. portoricensis Banks, P. 
hamifera F. Pickard-Cambridge, and P. littoralis have been found 
in the West Indies. P. fastosa (Keyserling) extends into South 
America as far as Ecuador. None are found on the U.S. Pacific 
coast or in the U.S. Rocky Mountains, and few specimens are 
recorded from the Great Plains. 
Terminology for anatomical parts is defined by Dondale and 
Redner (1978) and by Figures 2-7 and 41-45 here. Measurements 
are given as the mean and standard deviation for 10 to 20 specimens 
or as the range for fewer. 
Relationships 
The external genitalia, in our opinion, provide the best indicators 
of relationships within the milvina group. The inferred relationships 
among the species are shown in Figure 1. 
Females of all species in the group have the lateral margins of the 
median septum raised and thickened at the site of the copulatory 
openings (character 1, Fig. 1; Fig. 45). This modification appears to 
enlarge the openings and to reinforce the margins, and we speculate 
1 Manuscript received by the editor December 10, 1983. 
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