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[Vol. 91 
Table 2. (Continued) An external survey of the presence (+) or absence (— ) of 
features that indicate a metapleural gland in the genera Camponotus, Dendro- 
nivrmex, and Polyrhachis. Further information concerning species identification see 
Table 1. 
species 
collector and locality 
metapleural 
gland 
C. vicinus 
N. Carlin, N. Franks, Cortez, 
Colorado, USA 
C. sp. 10 (ANIC) 
B. Holldobler, Poochera, 
S. Australia 
, 1 B 
C. sp. 14 (ANIC) 
B. Holldobler, Canberra, Australia 
C. sp. 19 (ANIC) 
(walkeri group) 
B. Holldobler, Cooktown, Qld, 
Australia 
- 
C. sp. 20 (ANIC) 
B. Holldobler, Canberra, Australia 
- 
C. sp. 21 (ANIC) 
B. Holldobler, Kuranda, Australia 
- 
C. sp. 22 (ANIC) 
(clareipes group) 
B. Holldobler, Bateman’s Bay, 
NSW, Australia 
- 
Dendromvrmex fabricii 
J. Wenzel, BCI, Panama 
- 
Polyrhachis ? amnion 
(acc. #65) 
B. Holldobler, Bateman’s Bay, 
NSW, Australia 
- 
P. 1 gab (acc. #102) 
B. Holldobler, Mt. Carbine, Qld, 
Australia 
- 
P. schlueteri 
B. Holldobler, Shimba Hills, Kenya 
- 
P. ? sokolova 
(acc. #95) 
B. Holldobler, Port Douglas, Qld, 
Australia 
- 
P. sp. 2 (ANIC) 
B. Holldobler, Canberra, Australia 
- 
P. sp. 3 (ANIC) 
B. Holldobler, Canberra, Australia 
- 
On the other hand other arboreal species, such as Pseudo- 
myrmex, Podomyrma, Catalaucus (Fig. 7), Opisthopsis respiciens, 
and Lasius fuliginosus have well-developed metapleural glands, 
whereas some terrestrial Polyrhachis and Camponotus have lost 
their metapleural gland. But this does not contradict our specula- 
tion. An arboreal life style might favor but not necessitate a 
reduction and atrophy of the metapleural gland.* Furthermore, 
most Camponotus and Polyrhachis species are arboreal or live in or 
*In a similar manner, the social parasitic life style appears to favor but does not 
necessitate the reduction of the metapleural gland (see Maschwitz. et al 1970). 
