238 
Psyche 
[Vol. 91 
Methods 
The colonies were collected during February 1982 in the Raleigh 
Vallen-Voltzberg Natuureservaat (Foengoe Eiland 4°42'N, 56° 12"W, 
approximately 90 m elev.; Voltzberg Camp 4°42'N, 56° 13'W, also 
90m), Saramacca Dist., Suriname. The nests were placed in plastic 
bags and the adults killed with ’’wasp freeze”. Adults and larvae 
were both preserved in Dietrich’s fluid until dissection. All female 
wasps were dissected and various measurement data taken with an 
optical micrometer. Length of the discal cell (Ml) was used as a 
measure of wing length; the left wing was excised and flattened in a 
drop of glycerin for measurement. No notable wing wear was found 
for any of the wasps. A modified Cumber ovariole index (Cumber, 
1949) was used to quantify ovarian development, with an additional 
count of oocytes greater than 0.6 mm in length (considered “deve- 
loped”) as a check. Inseminated individuals could readily be distin- 
guished by the pronounced reddish-golden color of the spermatheca; 
nevertheless all spermathecae were examined under phase-contrast 
microscope. Sperm were visible as an agglutinated mass in the 
lumen (Fig. 1). Classification into castes separated queens (insemi- 
nated individuals), intermediates (uninseminated but with an ovari- 
ole index of 1 or more) and workers (uninseminated, index = 0). 
Richards’ gland (on metasomal sternum V) was present in all species 
(Fig. 2). No caste differences were observed in this structure. 
Exploratory data analysis (Velleman and Hoaglin, 1981) was per- 
formed, with further analysis where results indicated. Analyses 
included investigations of the relationship between the various mor- 
phometric measures (were the correlations positive, and so reflec- 
tions of general size?), the relationship between these and ovarian 
development (is size associated with reproductive capacity?), and 
differences between castes in these measurements. The data were 
normally distributed, therefore the results of t-tests are reported for 
caste differences. 
Larvae were examined with the aid of cuticular stains (acid fuch- 
sin, Grenacher’s alcoholic borax-carmine, eosin-Y). Mouthparts 
and the frontoclypeal region of B. scutellaris were excised, and the 
latter examined under phase-contrast miscroscope. 
Voucher specimens of all species have been deposited in the Cor- 
nell University Insect Collection, Lot number 1 129. 
