242 
Psyche 
[Vol. 91 
They studied 14 colonies in varying states of development, and 
counted hamulus number in 138 wasps drawn from an unspecified 
number of these colonies. Queens had a larger average number of 
hamuli. While their results were based on a larger sample size, these 
authors could not check for sperm in the spermatheca, and so classi- 
fied caste solely on the basis of ovariole condition. Workers were 
those with filamentous ovarioles and no “developed rudiments” 
(this term was not defined), and queens “nearly always” had some 
“ripe” eggs and a number of enlarged rudiments. They recognized 
an intermediate caste in three colonies, with “two or three rudiments 
more or less enlarged” These probably corresponded to our 
workers with some developed eggs (length>0.6 mm, index = 0). 
They further pointed out that their queens of one colony would have 
been classified as intermediates if “a typical queen” had been found. 
Without details on the source of their sample it is difficult to infer a 
complete explanation of their different results. However, their meas- 
ure of wing length showed the same trend as ours: queens appear to 
be slightly smaller. The difference in mean hamulus number, with 
the queens having the larger value, may be at odds with this trend 
(cf. Richards, 1949 on a generally positive relationship between 
wing length and hamulus number). Therefore, some individuals 
were probably misclassified. At the very least, their result does not 
obtain for all colonies of this species (and probably not for all of 
theirs), and we believe it is generally not valid. 
Polvbia catillifex: 
One colony of this species (82-02-03-1) was collected at Voltz- 
berg Camp on February 2. It was in primary “liana forest” on a low 
vine, and inconspicuous. The envelope obscured the petiole, which 
was attached to a twig at the base of two leaflets. These had been 
curled around and attached to the apices of the peripheral cells, and 
the envelope also was built over their bases. The total area of the 
comb was approximately 38 x 32 mm. The paper was brown, and 
composed of tough plant fragments and some granular material. It 
was somewhat brittle, and had been built by the edge technique. 
Material had been added dorsally but in an irregular fashion; the 
envelope was considerably thicker dorsally. None of the projections 
figured by Mobius (1856: pi. 8, fig. 4) and described by Richards 
and Richards (1951: p. 64) were present. The envelope was incom- 
plete ventrally, and the single comb exposed. There were approxi- 
