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[Vol. 91 
changes of ants marked while convening or doing nest maintenance is 
discussed below. 
The numbers (each out of 20) of dead marked ants in the first 
observation period were as follows: midden workers, 1 1; patrollers, 
16; foragers, 2; conveners, 1; nest maintenance workers, 2. 
Table 2B shows the data from the second, 25-day observation 
period, begun two months later. Several obvious differences between 
the data of Table 2A and that of Table 2B should be noted. Fewer 
observations (149) were made in the second observation period than 
in the first one (728). The colony in which patrollers were marked was 
barely active during the second observation period, for unknown 
reasons. Colony inactivity was not accompanied by any obvious 
increase in the number of dead workers visible in the midden. Because 
no marked ants were observed, it was not possible to analyse the data 
from this colony. As noted above, many midden workers and 
patrollers died during the first observation period. Though only two 
marked foragers died during this first 35-day period, the number of 
marked foragers had decreased two months later, indicating that 
many foragers died during the interval between the first and second 
observation periods. 
The two-by-two tests for the second observation period show that 
marked ants were no longer likely to do the tagged activity. All 
marked ants had either died or changed activity after a two-month 
Table 2(A D). Behavior of marked ants 
(Pages 000-000) 
In Tables 2A and 2B, each row of the matrix shows the results from one colony, in 
which ants were marked doing the indicated activity. The first five columns show the 
subsequent activities of marked ants. In each cell are shown the total numbers of 
marked and unmarked ants observed during the entire observation period, the devia- 
tion from the expected value, and the percent deviation (of the expected value). 
**means p < 0.001; NS means “not significant.” The last column shows the mean 
number of marked ants per observation. 
Table 2C summarizes Tables 2A and 2B. It shows the results of the two-by-two 
chi-squared tests of whether marked ants continue doing the tagged activity. Also 
shown are strong positive deviations from expected values in other activities. Plus and 
minus signs indicate the sign of the deviations from expected values. As in Tables 2A 
and 2B, each row of the matrix shows the results from one colony, in which ants were 
marked doing the indicated activity. 
Table 2D is similar to Tables 2A and 2B. It shows the data from part D, in which 
callow ants were marked when convening. 
