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[Vol. 91 
mosa (L.) by C. fusciceps (Mayr); and Galil et al. (1973) observed 
the pollination of F. costaricana [(Liebman) Miquel] and F. hems- 
leyana (Standley) by B. estherae (Grandi) and B. tonduzi (Grandi), 
respectively. Among the dioecious figs, Galil (1973) reported on 
pollination of F.fistulosa (Reinw. ex Bl.) by C. hewitti (Waterston); 
Galil and Neeman (1977) described the details of pollen transfer and 
pollination in the edible fig F. carica (L.) by B. psenses (L.); and 
Okamota and Tashiro (1981) characterized a remarkable mecha- 
nism of pollen transport and pollination in F. erecta (Thunberg) by 
B. nipponica (Grandi). 
The general features of the pollination cycle of monoecious figs 
have been described by Galil and co-workers (see above), and 
reviewed by Janzen (1979) and Wiebes (1979). In this paper I pre- 
sent a detailed description of the pollination cycles of Ficus aurea 
(Nuttall) and F. citrifolia (P. Miller), which are pollinated by the fig 
wasps Pegoscapus jimenezi (Grandi) and P. assuetus (Grandi), 
respectively (see Wiebes 1983 for taxonomic discussion of these fig 
wasp species). The two fig species are closely related members of the 
monoecious section Urostigma. New information presented in this 
paper includes detailed scanning electron micrographs of the mor- 
phology associated with pollination by Pegoscapus jimenezi, and 
detailed descriptions of the behavior during entry into the fig inflo- 
rescence, during pollination, and during pollen collecting by P. 
jimenezi and P. assuetus in Florida. These behaviors are very similar 
to those described by Galil et al. (1973) in Costa Rica for the fig 
wasps Blastophaga ( ^Pegoscapus ) estherae and B. tonduzi, which 
pollinate Ficus costaricana and F. hemsleyana, respectively. How- 
ever, clear differences in behavior exist between the fig wasps dis- 
cussed in this paper and the descriptions of the two Costa Rican 
species. The usefulness of these behavioral characters for the study 
of fig wasp phylogeny will be explored in the discussion. 
Methods 
This study was conducted in the Everglades National Park during 
June 1981. Observations of entry behavior were made in the field 
with a hand lens. Observations of pollination and pollen-collecting 
behavior were made by collecting figs at the appropriate stage (see 
next section), taking the figs into the lab and slicing them open, and 
observing the wasps with a dissecting microscope. Since no morpho- 
