1984] 
Frank — Fig wasps 
303 
stereotyped and easily observed, and since the wasps’ morphological 
structures make sense only in light of their associated motor pat- 
terns. Based on the few species reviewed below, it seems that be- 
havioral information will be of some value in sorting out the 
systematics of this difficult group. 
The sequence of behaviors during pollen collecting and during 
oviposition and pollination are compared in Table 1 between the 
Florida wasps Pegoscapus assuetus and P. jimenezi and the Costa 
Rican wasps P. tonduzi and P. estherae. There are three reasons for 
presenting this comparison. First, it highlights the extreme similar- 
ity in behavior among these four species. Second, it points out that 
clear differences in behavior do exist, and that these differences may 
be good characters for phylogenetic inference, or at least that a 
congruence between established phylogenies and behavioral differ- 
ences may be observed (see also Table 2). Finally, these comparisons 
show the sort of detailed description that will be necessary if behav- 
ioral characters are to prove valuable, and will hopefully stimulate 
fig-watchers to begin assembling the necessary comparative infor- 
mation so that this story of morphological and behavioral coevolu- 
tion can be written. 
Acknowledgments 
Support and facilities were provided by Sigma Xi, the Alexander 
Bache Fund, the Department of Zoology at the University of Flor- 
ida, the Division of Biological Sciences at the University of Michi- 
gan, the Everglades National Park and the South Florida Research 
Center, Van Waddill and the Agricultural Research and Education 
Center (Homestead) of the University of Florida, and Marilyn and 
Irwin Frank. A. G. Kluge, B. Rathcke, and P. E. Smouse gave 
helpful suggestions that improved the manuscript. This project was 
supported by the NIH National Research Service award, # 1-T32- 
GM-07544-07, from the National Institute of General Medical 
Sciences. 
