1987] 
Letourneau & Choe — Wasps and ants 
87 
Table 2. Activities of bees and wasps as honeydew foragers. 
Gleans honeydew from foliage near feeding homopterans 
Apidae 
Apinae (Apini) 
Apis mellifera 
Bloc et al. 1984, Kunkel & Kloft 1977, 
Prabucki 1972, Santas 1983 
Bombinae 
Bombus bifarius 
Wagner & Cameron 1985 
Vespidae 
Vespinae 
Vespa orientalis 
Vespula spp. 
Ikan & Ishay 1966 
Duncan 1939, Evans & West Eberhard 1970 
Obtains honeydew directly from feeding homopterans 
Apidae 
Apinae (Meliponini) 
Trigona amalthea 
Trigona eagafogo 
Trigona corvina 
Trigona cupira 
Trigona hyalinata branneri 
Trigona spinipes* 
Trigona tat air a* 
Trigona sp. 
Vespidae 
Polistinae 
Cockerell 1920, Salt 1929, Schuster 1981 
Muller 1873, 1874 
Jiron P. & Salas D. 1975 
Silvestri 1902 
Laroca & Sakakibara 1976 
Castro 1975 
Cortopassi-Laurino 1977 
Wood 1984 
Polistes fuscatus* 
Parachartergus apicalis 
Parachartergus fraternus* 
Parachartergus richardsi* 
Mischocyttarus drewseni 
Stelopolybia testacea 
Pseudopolybia compressa 
Pseudopolybia vespiceps 
Polybia sp. 
Brachygastra sp.* 
Barrows 1979 
Williams 1928, Wood 1984 
This study 
Schremmer 1978 
Jeanne 1972 
Jeanne 1972 
Brown 1976, Wood 1984 
Jeanne 1972 
Jiron P. & Salas D. 1975 
Belt 1874 
♦Distinct ownership behavior has been observed. 
habitat heterogeneity may play a large role in determining the part- 
nership. Recently, Law and Koptur (1986) provided an elegant 
theoretical argument supporting the evolution of non-specificity in 
mutualistic interactions. 
