1987] Buschinger — Synonymy of Leonomyrma Arnoldi 123 
Chalepoxenus, however, Menozzi (1922) explicitly writes: “frontal 
carinae long, sub-parallel, and laterally confining an antennal 
scrobe, which is little marked and much shorter than the antennal 
scape” (translated from Italian). Direct comparison (Fig. 1) reveals 
that there is literally no difference between the antennal scrobes of 
Leonomyrma and Chalepoxenus. 
In table 2 L. spinosa is compared with two Chalepoxenus species. 
I choose for reference C. muellerianus and C. kutteri, because they 
represent the two most different species in the genus. C. siciliensis 
and C. insubricus closely resemble C. muellerianus, C. gribodoi was 
already synonymized with the latter (Kutter 1973), and C. tramieri is 
close to C. kutteri (Cagniant 1983). 
The comparison shows that there are some morphological differ- 
ences between L. spinosa and Chalepoxenus species, but not more 
than between the latter two. L. spinosa is sharing some characters 
(postpetiolar spines in $ and 9, long and acute epinotal spines in 9, 
long body hairs) with C. kutteri, others (steeply ascending petiolar 
node, erect tibial hairs) with C. muellerianus. No crucial differences 
could be found which would justify the maintenance of a separate 
genus for L. spinosa, whereas its species rank in the genus 
Chalepoxenus appears sufficiently substantiated. 
Since C. muellerianus is an active slavemaker (Ehrhardt 1980), 
and also C. siciliensis, C. insubricus, and C. kutteri (Buschinger et 
al., in prep.), we may predict that L. spinosa, too, will exhibit this 
particular life habit. The original material consists of alate sexuals, 
only, which were apparently caught during swarming. The lack of 
workers in the sample, therefore, is not surprising*. 
Summary 
The monotypical genus Leonomyrma, described by Arnoldi 1968 
from 4 99 and 14 $$ of L. spinosa from East-Kasachstan, USSR, is 
* Chalepoxenus brunneus Cagniant 1985, described from males and females from one 
colony, is a workerless and thus not a slave-raiding species. We (A. Buschinger, 
J. Heinze, H. Cagniant, X. Espadaler) collected 1 1 colonies at its type locality, 
Tizi-n-Test, Great Atlas of Morocco, on May 6, 1987. None of them contained 
Chalepoxenus workers, and their brood also consisted of male and female pupae 
only. Thus, C. spinosus also might be truly workerless. [Added in proof, May, 1987]. 
