178 
Psyche 
[Vol. 94 
each species. The character states are mapped to reveal clinal pat- 
terns and this information is used to help with systematic decisions. 
P. occidentalis differs from all others in the subcomplex by its 
unique mandibular structure. The states of 5 of 6 characters studied 
show random geographic distribution and are of no value in differ- 
entiating this species from others. P. owyheei is a synonym of P. 
salinus (new synonymy). No single character or combination of 
characters could be found to separate these two forms. P. subdenta- 
tus possesses several unique, although subtle, characters and is 
retained as a full species. P. montanus is also maintained as a 
full species. 
Acknowledgments 
I wish to thank Dr. Charles D. Michener for his assistance and 
guidance during this research. I also thank Drs. G. W. Byers, P. D. 
Ashlock and P. S. Ward for comments on the manuscript. The 
constant support and encouragement of M. K. Smith is gratefully 
acknowledged. Publication costs were provided in part by the 
Department of Entomology, University of California, Davis. 
Literature Cited 
Allred, D. M. 
1982. Ants of Utah. Great Basin Nat. 42 : 415-511. 
Cole, A. C., Jr. 
1938. Suggestions concerning taxonomic nomenclature of the hymenopterous 
family Formicidae, and descriptions of three new ants. Amer. Mid. Nat. 
19:236-241. 
1963. A preliminary synopsis of the subgenera and complexes of the ant genus 
Pogonomyrmex Mayr in North America. Symposia Genetica et Biolo- 
gica Italica 12: 51-59. 
1968. Pogonomyrmex Harvester Ants: A study of the genus in North America. 
Univ. of Tennessee Press, Knoxville. 222 p. 
Colley, E. A. 
1962. Internidal and intranidal variations of external morphological character- 
istics of the worker caste of Pogonomyrmex occidentalis (Cresson) 
(Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Unpubl. MS Thesis, Univ. of Tennessee, 
Knoxville. 80 p. 
Creighton, W. S. 
1950. Ants of North America. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. 104 : 1-585. 
Cresson, E. T. 
1865. Catalogue of Hymenoptera in the collection of the Entomological 
Society of Philadelphia from Colorado Territory. Proc. Entomol. Soc. 
Philadelphia 4 : 242-313, 426-488. 
