1987] 
Goodloe & Topoff— Social parasitic ant 
295 
Table 1. Pupae acceptance by slave species workers (F. schaufussi) 
Surviving Pupae 
Colony 
# Workers 
Same 
Different 
F23 
250 
25 
24 
F28 
550 
25 
23 
F16 
200 
22 
25 
F24 
214 
24 
21 
F36 
354 
25 
25 
F57 
208 
25 
24 
F55 
300 
25 
22 
Correlated groups t = 1.25; df = 6; NOT SIGNIFICANT 
Prior to the experiment, the queen and most of the workers from 
each of the seven colonies were removed from the nest and placed 
in a fresh box and nest dish, with food and water. The experimental 
colonies ranged in size from 200 to 550 workers (Table 1). After 24 
hr, the queen and workers in each of the seven new nests were 
presented with 25 pupae, either from their own colony (“same”), or 
from one of the other experimental colonies (“different”). Four col- 
onies received the “different” condition first, while the remaining 
three began with the “same” condition. After five days, the surviving 
pupae and callows were removed and counted. After another 24 hr 
(to recover from these manipulations), each colony was presented 
with 25 pupae from the alternative condition to their first presenta- 
tion, and a count was made five days later. 
During the summer of 1986, eleven partial colonies of F. gnava (a 
slave species of P. breviceps) were collected in Cave Creek Canyon, 
Cochise County, Arizona. Eight of these contained no queen, one 
contained a single queen, and the rest contained multiple queens. 
Laboratory colony size ranged from 81 to 500 workers (Table 2). 
Colonies were kept under conditions nearly identical to those de- 
scribed above with the exception that 16 X 150 mm test tubes con- 
taining about 3 cm of water and plugged with cotton were 
substituted for the plastic petri nest dishes, and the plastic boxes in 
which they were contained were 20 X 15 cm. Two-to-four weeks 
after the colonies were collected, they were subjected to the experi- 
mental procedure described above. 
Results 
As shown in Tables 1 and 2, no significant difference was found 
between the mean number of pupae accepted from the “same” and 
