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BROOKLYN INSTITUTE MUSEUM. SCIENCE BULLETIN 2 . 5- 
I saw nothing to indicate that the johnny i:>engnins* share the social 
])ngnacit\' of lygoscelis adclicc. They would, indeed, sometimes fight 
boldly enough in defense of their yonng, as I have related. They would 
also protect themselves, with many lond outcries, from the attacks of onr 
ship’s fox terrier. Through hard experience the johnnies at the Bay of 
Isles learned to ward off the dog by huddling back to back in a sort of 
Macedonian phalanx, striking outward with quick wings at whatever 
])oint it attacked. But the nearest aj^proach to a fight between two of 
the penguins that came to my notice was only a half-hearted affair. A 
couple came out of the surf one day, within a few feet of me, and 
immediately commenced to sla]) and prod one another. They continued 
merrily for ])erhaps a minute, when they spied me and, instantly for- 
getting their differences, came iq) the beach to have a close look at the 
intruder. In several instances I captured adult penguins by rnnning 
them down. vSnch birds naturally attempted to bite and strike, bnt only 
for a few moments ; if their backs were stroked from neck to tail their 
accelerated docility would seem almost hypnotic. 
The free jiengnins, i. c. those not incubating or brooding, s]:)end 
much time slee]hng, particularly on sunny days. The>- have two rest- 
ing positions ; one sitting bolt upright with the head turned behind the 
shoulder and the bill tucked under the axilla ; the other lying flat on the 
breast with the feet bent forward among the feathers, the wings pressed 
against the sides, and the head drawn snugly back. The upright 
position is commonly maintained during a da\’time doze, but birds dis- 
covered along the beaches after dark were always found to be sleeping 
upon their bellies. A nap is followed by the toilet, the penguins preen- 
ing themselves with much care, flufling out the entire plumage until each 
feather lies as smoothh' as a scale. 
The johnnies walk in a deliberate manner, raising their feet high at 
each step, carrying their tails well above the ground, thrusting their 
wings behind them as balances, and poking the head forward into the 
accustomed near-.sighted attitude. Their near-sightedness is probabl>' no 
le.ss real than ajiparent, because of the specialization of their e^'es for 
vision through a medium of water. 
* Eagle Clarke records exactly the ojjposite regarding this species at the South Orkneys. lie 
says that " they fought fiercely among themselves, using both wings and hills." Dr. Henryk 
.\rctowski, also, has informed the writer that Urgvi.svr//.? papua was regarded as the most pugnacious 
of the penguins in the regions vi.sited by the Jirlgica. But the experience of Dr. (lain, Naturali.st of 
the Charcot Expedition, is that this species differs from other penguins in that the birds live in the 
irycatest peace until one another ! 
