126 BROOKLYN INSTITUTE IMUSEUM. SCIENCE BULLETIN 2. 5- 
for jumping fish. Often while I was rowing in my dory between the brig 
and the shore, shoals of johnnies would swim around the small boat, and 
after long submergence would skip out of water five or six times in rajfid 
succession. During the " jiorpoising ” they hold the pinions straight out 
from the body, not pres.sed against the sides. The maximum length of 
the leap hardly exceeds two meters. 
One evening I .stood knee-deep in the water of the Bay of Isles and 
watched at close quarters four johnny ])engnins swimming. The sea 
was fairly calm, the water clear and brilliant in the sunset light. The 
quartet of penguins darted hither and thither all about me, now and 
again ahno.st l:)rushing my legs. Frequently they rolled their backs 
above the surface, and more rarely they lea])ed out. I distinctly 
observed that the strokes of their flippers were sometimes made alter- 
nately and sometimes in unison. Probably they were feeding, although 
I could not .see their jirey. Whether for s])ort or a more .serious ])urpo.se, 
they occasionally swam in the ridge of an advancing swell, going so far 
up the beach that the}" were left .stranded for a moment. Pre.sentl}’ three 
of them walked out of the .sea, shook the water from their tails, and be- 
came so immensely intere.sted in watching me, that they pursued me for 
a while when I left the spot. 
On another occasion, January lo, 1913, I witne.s.sed an extraordinary 
diver.sion of the ]ienguins in the graveyard pool mentioned on ])age 117. 
This ])ond, lying in a hollow of the hills, was bordered on three sides 
with a jierpendicular bank of hard snow, the remaining shore being a 
stony slo])e. On the afternoon of my visit penguins were swimming in it, 
for pure enjoyment, of cour.se, for there was no food, no living thing, 
not even a visible alga, in the transiiarent .snow water. How alert and 
reptilian the ])enguins .seemed in their own element ! How unlike the 
inelegant, ridiculous creatures the}- are ashore ! The\’ dashed .straight- 
away under water the length of the ])ond and back again, with a velocit}' 
which I had then an ojiportunit}" to compute as about ten meters a 
.second. They cha.sed each other other round and round, fla.shing into 
the air twice or thrice during their bur.sts of S]ieed, ever}' action jdainly 
revealed through the clear, quiet water, with the white corjxses down 
below. When the .swimmers re.sted at the surface only the white-filleted 
head and iqu]iointed, ridged tail showed, as a rule, but somtimes they 
would float higher, like grebes. vSeveral of them tried to lea]i out onto the 
bank of frozen snow which ro.se about a meter above the water. 
vStrangelv enough, the}' mi.sjudged their di.stance reiieatedh' ; the}' 
junqied too .soon, and were on the downward .segment of their arc before 
