I 14 BROOKLYN INSTITUTE MUSEUM. SCIENCE BULLETIN 2 . 5 - 
the ship in couples or small groups, all swimming in a northerly 
direction. They remained below the water most of the time, but their 
braying calls frequenth' attracted attention to sleek heads and upright 
tails, the only visible parts of birds at the surface. From time to 
time a few more were seen before we entered Cumberland Ba^u South 
Georgia, on November 24. 
During onr sta}" at South Georgia I visited seven populous 
rookeries of the johnny penguins, besides a number of incipient or de- 
cadent settlements which consisted of only a few nests. The situations 
chosen for the rookeries were so diverse that several of them are worth 
contrasting. 
Two rookeries near the Nordenskjbld Glacier, Cumberland Bay, lay 
in wet, luimmock}’ meadows, barely higher than sea level and crossed by 
several streams. 
A rooker\’ on the west shore of Possession Bay occupied a dell of 
less than an acre in area, hemmed in b}" the tains of bold hills which rose 
to an altitude of 450 meters on three sides. This rookery was filled with 
a luxuriant growth of tussock grass i^Poa Jiabellata) , and the ground was 
well drained. 
The largest rookery that we discovered, comprising between four and 
five thousand birds, was distributed over knolls and ridges behind a 
great moraine-beach at the Bay of Isles. The site is bounded b}’ two 
glaciers .so that it can be reached only from the bay. In 1912- 13 the 
])enguin settlements, beginning on low ground a kilometer from the 
waterfront, extended inland and up the hills to a height of about two 
hundred meters. As long as young penguins were on this ne.sting 
ground, ]woce.ssions of adults might at all times be .seen coming and 
going between the high land and the sea. The birds met and passed each 
other without a vi.sible sign of recognition, each trundling gravel v along 
on its own Imsine.ss. A broad thoroughfare had been stamped acro.ss the 
moraine, worn down doubtle.ss through generations of the pattering of 
little leathery feet, and dee])ly grooved, sinuous avenues extended up 
the long snowbanks to the highe.st ]X)rtions of the colony two kilometers 
from the .shore. 
The type of rookery la.st de.scribed is common at South Georgia 
wherever high land is at all acce.ssible. No matter how much available 
territor}- there ma\' lie near the water, no matter how wearisome the 
.scramble U]) the hillsides, a certain pro])ortion of the members of each 
