58 
Psyche 
[March 
Figures 5-15. Structures of Echinocoleus. 5. E. setiger, holotype, lateral view 
of aedeagus. 6. E. setiger, holotype, dorsal view of aedeagus tip. 7, 8, and 9. E. 
setiger, three views of spermatheca, from Galiuro mountains, Arizona. 10. E. 
sonorensis, right genital plate and spiculum gastrale, holotype. 11 . E. sonorensis, 
holotype, dorsal view of aedeagus tip. 12. E. chihuahuensis, allotype, dorsal view of 
aedeagus tip. 13, 14, and 15. E. chihuahuensis, holotype, three views of spermatheca. 
Phylogeny, Speciation, and Zoogeography 
The genus is a specialized offshoot of a New World Ptomaphagus 
(Adelops) ancestor which has taken up a life of myrmecophily, with 
all the behavioral and morphological specialization that this implies 
and requires (Wilson, 1971). The spermatheca suggests that the 
genus is derived from the consobrinus species group of Ptoma- 
phagus. One species within this group, P. texanus Melander, occurs 
today in Pogonomyrmex nests at Austin, Texas (Peck, 1973). An- 
other myrmecophilous catopine genus, Synaulus, is a North African 
derivative of an Old World Ptomaphagus (Ptomaphagus) ancestor. 
A phylogenetic interpretation of characters in Echinocoleus as 
a genus, with the Ptomaphagus consobrinus species group as the 
comparative sister group, leads to an interpretation of the following 
