24 
Psyche 
[March 
trace of the ventral series of body scoli; it is characterized by ten 
lateral extensions, all presumably dorsally derived. Secondly, it 
lacks any trace of pronotal tubercles. Thirdly, it has relatively much 
larger antennal tubercles and longer antennae than our hypothetical 
generalized ascalaphid. Fourthly, the setae situated laterally on 
the head, peripherally on the scoli, and postero-laterally on the 
ocular tubercles are longer than one would expect to find in a gen- 
eralized form. Finally, it is characterized by a constellation of 
specializations associated with its method of prey capture. The 
strongly falcate, long-toothed and upwardly tilted jaws, the trape- 
zoidal, strongly cordate head with concomitantly small postlabium 
and narrow bilobed labral margin, the ventro-lateral excavations 
of the head capsule, and the massive bifurcate socket that receives 
and tightly locks the ventral mandibular condyle are all secondary 
expressions of the ability of the Ululodes larva to draw its jaws far 
back alongside the body in the 270 degree “trap” position. 
Ascaloptynx appears to have retained a more generalized com- 
plex of feeding-related head and jaw adaptations than has Ululodes. 
In addition, the double row of scoli has been retained from the 
mesothorax to the end of the abdomen, except for abdominal seg- 
ments one and two. However, the two series of scoli have moved 
into a common horizontal plane, losing their dorsal and ventral 
relationship to one another; this must be considered a derived 
characteristic. Correlated with co-planar location of all scoli is 
dorso-ventral flattening of the Ascaloptynx larva, particularly 
evident in the extreme flattening of the head capsule and of each 
thoracic and abdominal scolus: this is also a specialization. Addi- 
tional derived traits include the scale-like setal modifications and, 
presumably, the dorsal location of the first and second pairs of 
abdominai spiracles. 
To assess the significance of generalized and specialized traits 
of Ululodes and Ascaloptynx , one must compare these genera to 
other described ascalaphids of known subfamilial affinity. From 
such an analysis emerges the view that many of the specializations 
of the Ululodes larva are, as previously mentioned, related to its 
method of prey capture: in this respect it most closely resembles 
the Indian form Pseudoptynx (Gravely and Maulik, 1911) among 
the Ascalaphinae. Larvae of other split-eyed types like Ascalaphus, 
Acmonotus (Froggatt, 1902), Suhpalacsa (Tillyard, 1926), Heli- 
comitus (Westwood, 1888; Ghosh, 1913) and some unidentified 
