200 
Psyche 
[June 
Table I. Effect of spider density and foliage design on stratum choice in three 
lycosids. Individuals were grouped according to density and foliage design. An 
arcsine transformation was performed on the % of readings in which each spider 
was on the foliage. The mean % of each group was analyzed with two-way ANOVA 
without replication for solo vs. trio densities and for Compound vs. 60°/ 90° Simple 
vs. 60° Simple foliage designs. 
Species 
Source of variation 
df 
Mean square 
F 
s 
Density 
1 
94.72 
1.52 NS 
Lycosa punctulata 
Foliage design 
2 
19.50 
0.31 NS 
Error 
2 
62.27 
Density 
1 
570.38 
48.76* 
Lycosa rabida 
Foliage design 
2 
23.62 
2.02 NS 
Error 
2 
11.70 
Density 
1 
0.001 
0.00 NS 
Schizocosa saltatrix 
Foliage design 
2 
7.07 
0.15 NS 
Error 
2 
46.03 
*P< 0.05 
the leaf litter, characteristic of their natural habitat, was not avail- 
able in the experimental terraria. 
Orientation preferences. — Leaf slope preference was analyzed 
by chi-square; we assumed that random preference would result in 
an equal number of positions recorded on vertical and 60° slopes. 
L. punctulata had a significant preference for the 60° slope over 
the vertical slope on the compound foliage design; L. rabida and 
S. saltatrix showed no preference on this foliage design (Table II). 
L. punctulata was found on the vertical slope more often than on 
the 60° slope when housed with the 60°/ 90° Simple Design. L. 
rabida and S. saltatrix preferred the 60° slope in this case. 
We assumed that random selection of upper vs. lower surfaces 
on the 60° slopes would result in an equal number of positions 
recorded for each surface. Chi-square analysis indicated that 
all three species showed a significant preference for the upper sur- 
face on all three foliage designs (Table II). 
The orientation of the spider within the plane parallel to the 
surface on which it rested was recorded as the angular difference 
between the blade (or leaf) axis and the spider’s body axis. This 
