202 
Psyche 
[June 
was measured clockwise to the nearest 30° interval, with 0° = facing 
directly upward (Fig. 2). Two-way ANOVA was used to deter- 
mine angular preferences within species and differences among 
species. There was a significant difference in preference within 
species (F 5 (i 1 . 22 ) = 13.943, P< 0.001), indicating that individuals 
had a preferred orientation on the artificial leaf. There was no 
difference, however, in angular preference among species (Fsa.ii) 
= 0.752 NS). Orientation to 180° (= facing directly downward) 
was significantly greater for the three species than to all other 
angles (a posteriori STP-test. P< 0.001). Orientation to 0° (di- 
rectly upward) was significantly greater than to all other angles 
except 180° (P < 0.01). Orientation to 180° was significantly 
greater than to 0° (P < 0.05). Spiders were not found to orient 
differently on the 60° and vertical slopes (paired-comparisons 
test; L. punctulata, F s( i,n) =2.560 NS; L. rabida, F s{ ud - 1.016 NS; 
S. saltatrix, Fsn,\\) — 1.194 NS). 
Fig. 2. Body orientation when resting on artificial foliage in Lycosa punctulata 
(obliquely hatched bar) (n = 203), L. rabida (solid bar) (n = 399), and Schizocosa 
saltatrix (horizontally hatched bar) (n = 93). 0° = facing directly upward. 
Since the predominant orientation in the three species was 
vertical (0° and 180°), there was the possibility of the data being 
biased due to the spider’s grasping the edges of the vertically 
positioned leaves with its right or left tarsal claws. Therefore, 
we conducted additional experiments in four other terraria, using 
female L. rabida. Each of these terraria was subdivided into five, 
