1976] Greenquist & Rovner — Spiders on Artificial Foliage 203 
equal-size compartments by parallel cardboard sheets placed ver- 
tically (two terraria) or at an oblique (60°) angle (two terraria). 
These sheets extended the full width and height of the terraria, 
and were held in place by strips of masking tape along the side 
and bottom edges. Thus, each of the twenty spiders lived in a 
compartment with a narrow horizontal floor, two tall broad card- 
board walls, and narrow glass sides and top. (These lycosids can- 
not climb glass.) Observations were made on 1 1 days, four times 
per day, as above. 
Under these conditions, the spiders were recorded on the card- 
board walls in 91.9% of the 834 total positions recorded; i.e., they 
usually were at an elevated location. In the oblique wall condi- 
tion, 95.5% of the 448 positions were on the wall providing an 
upper surface; i.e., the spider rarely adopted a position on the 
undersurface of the overhanging wall. 
Of the 750 positions recorded on walls, under both vertical and 
oblique wall conditions, 21.7% were noted in which the spider 
held onto the top edge (the only available edge) of the cardboard. 
Most of these (69.3%) involved a 90° or 270° body orientation, 
since the edge-holding spider typically used the tarsal claws of 
the four legs of the right or left side to secure the hold. 
Most (78.3%) of the wall positions adopted were on the broad 
surface. Here, in the absence of an edge cue, 43.4% of the posi- 
tions were 0° (22.3%) or 180° (21.1%), i.e., facing directly up or 
down. The next most common orientation on the broad surface 
(18.6%) was with the body parallel to the ground, i.e., at 90° or 
270°. No significant differences between the orientation prefer- 
ences of the spiders on these broad surfaces and the spiders on 
the artificial foliage were found (paired-comparisons test with 
arcsine transformation; F*o,n) = 1.014 NS). 
Prey-Wrapping 
Methods. — Prey-wrapping behavior was examined in the 
artificial foliage terraria after prey were withheld from the spiders 
for up to 8 days. Prey items that either singly or in multiples of 
three or four would approximate the size of the spider’s body were 
chosen to maximize prey-wrapping in the Lycosa spp. (Rovner 
and Knost, 1974). L. punctulata were given crickets ( Gryllus sp. 
and Nemobiinae); L. rabida were fed grasshoppers (Cyrtacantha- 
cridinae). On several occasions, when prey-wrapping occurred 
