1976] 
Carpenter — Permian Insects 
337 
beds alone eleven families of Protorthoptera have already been 
recognized, these being the following: Blattinopsidae, Strepho- 
cladidae, Stereopteridae, Tococladidae, Liomopteridae, Demop- 
teridae, Phenopteridae, Protembiidae, Probnisidae, and Lemmato- 
phoridae. Three additional families are described below. 
Family Nugonioneuridae, new family 
Insects of moderate size, with a wing expanse of about 20 mm. 
Fore wing: SC terminating on Rl; RS arising at about mid-wing; 
stem of M coalesced basally with CUA, the branches of M arising 
abruptly from M+CUA and arching anteriorly; several anal veins 
present. Cross veins numerous and irregularly distributed, mostly 
unbranched and not forming a reticulation. The hind wing, not 
certainly known, is discussed below in the account of Nugonio- 
neura problematica. Body unknown. 
At present only the type genus is known in the family. 
Genus Nugonioneura Tillyard 
Nugonioneura Tillyard, 1937, p. 92. 
Fore wing: costal margin with a small bulge basally; SC termi- 
nating on Rl just beyond the origin of RS; costal area with several 
oblique cross veins and the area between Rl and costal margin 
with several to many cross veins; RS with from 2 to 4 terminal 
branches; M+CUA with from 4 to 6 primary branches; CUP nearly 
straight, the area between M+CUA and CUP being broad; at least 
4 anal veins present. Cross veins mostly straight, some oblique; 
wing membrane granular. 
Type-species: Nugonioneura problematica Tillyard 
Nugonioneura problematica Tillyard 
Figures 1-3 
Nugonioneura problematica Tillyard, 1937, p. 94, fig. 4 
Fore wing: length 9.5-12 mm; width, 3-3.5 mm. Costal margin 
convex but with a slight concavity or straight portion near mid- 
wing; subcosta somewhat irregular in form, apparently with a few 
