354 
Psyche 
[September-December 
ture of MA in Elmothone is not like that of the hind wings of the 
Ithonidae, to which the Permithonidae are apparently closely re- 
lated. For this reason I consider the type of martynovae to be a 
fore wing. 
The species is named for Dr. Olga Martynova of Moscow, who 
was on the staff of the Paleontological Institute for many years 
and is the author of numerous publications on fossil insects and 
Recent Neuroptera, Trichoptera and Mecoptera. 
The genus Elmothone seems closest to Permithonopsis and 
Permegalomus, from both of which it is distinguished as follows: 
In Elmothone SC does not (apparently) terminate on Rl, as has 
been described and figured for the other known genera of the 
family, although it almost touches Rl and is joined to it by a 
short cross vein; this is the situation in the Ithonidae. The struc- 
ture of CUA in Elmothone is also very different from that of the 
other genera. In Permithonopsis and Permegalomus CUA nearly 
touches M but in Elmothone it is remote from M, although joined 
to it by a relatively long cross vein. Also, the area below CUA is 
unusually wide and is traversed by several sigmoidal cross veins. 
A suggestion of this condition occurs in Permorapisma, another 
member of the Permithonidae. 
It is worthy of note that the Permithonidae were quite small 
insects, only about half the size of the existing members of the 
family Ithonidae. 
Families of Uncertain Ordinal Position 
The insects described or discussed below are unusual in various 
respects and I have been unable to place them with confidence in 
any known order. Two of the species, Permembia delicatula Till- 
yard and Permoneura lameerei Carpenter, have already been for- 
mally described; the others, obviously belonging to very different 
orders, whatever they might be, are new. Having had these speci- 
mens for the past fifty years without coming to definite conclusions 
on their systematic positions, I have decided to describe and name 
them without making ordinal assignments. Related fossils present 
in collections from other Permian beds may ultimately be corre- 
lated with these Elmo fossils. 
These “incertae sedis” insects belong to five very distinct families: 
