1976] 
Carpenter — Permian Insects 
357 
to the costal margin beyond the origin of RS; MA arising at about 
1/3 the wing length from the base; origins of CUA and CUP close 
together; termination of CUA directed apically, away from CUP. 
The rugosity of the wing membrane is shown in figure 12. 
Holotype: no. 7497, M.C.Z., collected at Elmo, 1927. The spe- 
cies is named for Dr. A. V. Martynov, whose field and laboratory 
studies on Paleozoic and Mesozoic insects of Russia, from 1922 
to 1937, initiated the extensive research program in paleoentomol- 
ogy now being carried out by the Academy of Sciences of the 
Soviet Union. 
As shown in the photograph (figure 12), the holotype consists 
of a very well preserved wing, lacking only a small piece of the 
posterior margin near the base. The most obvious features of this 
wing are the origins of most of the veins from a common stem, 
and the strongly rugose nature of the wing membrane. 
The interpretation of the venation presented in figure 13 seems 
to be the most logical one, although others are possible. The 
convexities and concavities of the veins are distinct in the unique 
type, which consists of only one counterpart, the other being miss- 
ing. In this specimen the main stem-vein continues as R; since 
this is concave, I consider this counterpart to be the reverse half, 
the convexities and concavities being the reverse of those as they 
appear on the dorsal surface of an insect’s wing. In the following 
discussion and in figure 13 reference is made to the veins as they 
would appear in the reverse half. 
The subcosta extends only about as far as the origin of MA and 
is contiguous with both C and the stem-vein; it can be discerned 
only with difficulty because of the rugosity of the wing membrane. 
The main stem-vein is convex; beyond the origin of MA the vein 
appears to be a normal radius (R), with an anterior branch (Rl) 
and the posterior RS. The four remaining veins that arise from 
the stem, alternately convex and concave, are presumably MA, 
MP, CUA and CUP. The origin of the most posterior vein, 1A, 
is uncertain; it may arise independently or from the stem-vein. 
This is a highly specialized wing and I can make no convincing 
suggestions regarding its ordinal affinities. So far as I am aware, 
none of the Neoptera have an MA which is actually convex, as in 
this fossil, but that Trachopteryx is paleopterous seems hardly 
credible. 
