1976] 
Carpenter — Permian Insects 
361 
The thorax is relatively broad, the mesothorax being the largest seg- 
ment. The abdomen, showing 10 distinct segments, terminates in a 
pair of short, segmented cerci. Several other small terminal processes, 
about 0.2 mm in length, are visible, but their nature is not obvious. 7 
The fore wing, which is only 2.8 mm long, was obviously very 
delicate and thin; this is indicated by the folded and twisted con- 
dition of the other wings of the type and of all of the wings of the 
specimens in the Harvard collection. The drawing of the wing of 
the type shown in figure 15 includes only those veins which I am 
confident can be seen by anyone who studies the specimen. The 
enlarged photograph of the wing in figure 14B shows most, if not 
all, of these veins. The wing is not narrowed basally as much as 
depicted by Tillyard. The proximal and middle parts of the wing 
are well preserved, especially considering the minute size of the 
insect, but the distal region and part of the posterior area are 
either broken away or simply not preserved. SC is distinct and 
terminates on R1 at about mid-wing. R and R1 form a straight 
line up to nearly the termination of Rl, which is well before the 
apex of the wing. RS arises about 1/3 the wing length from the 
base and is nearly straight, diverging slightly away from Rl; it is 
not preserved beyond the end of the level of Rl and I am unable 
to see any sign of its wide distal fork depicted by Tillyard or of 
the several branches which Kukalova mentions as probably pres- 
ent. M arises independently of R but apparently coalesces basally 
with CU; CUP diverges away first, with M+CUA continuing until 
near mid-wing, where M diverges anteriorly and soon forks. M is 
not preserved beyond the end of Rl, which prevents our knowing 
whether or not other forks were present. Similarly, CUA is not 
preserved as far as the wing margin, but it is unbranched as far 
as it can be traced. 1A and 2 A are incomplete, without branches. 
1 have been able to distinguish only three cross veins with cer- 
tainty, as shown in the figure: between SC and the costal margin, 
between CUP and M+CUA, and between 2A and the hind margin 
of the wing. I have no doubt that other cross veins were present 
in the wing, but I am concerned here with those that I believe can 
7 Tillyard was of the opinion that the asymmetry of these minute appendages sug- 
gested relationships with the Embioptera but in my experience most small processes 
on insects are asymmetrical when preserved in fossils, as a result of the softening 
of the cuticle. 
