1978] 
Brown & Boisvert — Ant Genus Pentastruma 
207 
pubescence hairs, and a very few obliquely erect, short, fine hairs on 
terguin of basal segment, plus some more of these nearer the gastric 
apex. Legs with dilute, fine, inconspicuous, decumbent and ap- 
pressed pubescence. Head, trunk, antennae, legs and sides of petiole 
predominantly finely reticulate-punctulate, opaque, with the excep- 
tions noted above. 
Paratypes: 38 workers, 8 queens (alate and dealate) and 2 males, 
all from JAPAN. HONSHU: Manazuru, Kanagawa Pref. (type local- 
ity), 3 nest series; 4 April 1968 (with males), 20 Oct. 1968, 5 Jan. 
1973 (with winged queens), all leg. M. Kubota. Hamaoka, Shizuoka 
Pref., 15 Nov. 1976, leg. R. Egawa. Kiyosumiyama, Chiba Pref., 17 
Aug. 1976, leg. T. Kannari. Shirahama, Wakayama Pref., 6 Jan. 
1971 (with males), leg. M. Kubota. KYUSHU: Miyazaki-jingu, 
Miyazaki Pref., 18 July 1971, leg. M. Shindo. Deposited in the 
collection of Dr. Masao Kubota, at Odawara, Kanagawa Pref., 
Japan; in the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard Univer- 
sity, Cambridge, Massachusetts, U.S.A.; and in the Department of 
Entomology, British Museum (Natural History), London. 
The variation of worker paratypes is most marked in body size, 
relative head width, acuteness and width of propodeal teeth and 
trailing lamellae, and in depth of ferruginous coloration, often 
varying to faded straw color (in callows?). TL 2. 5-2. 9, HL 0.68- 
0.78, HW 0.48-0.56, ML 0.14-0.16, Eye L 0.04-0.06, WL 0.62-0.72 
mm; Cl 66-74 (mean 71 for n = 16), MI 19-22. 
P. canina, widespread in central and southern Japan, is readily 
distinguishable from P. sauteri by the form of the head and 
mandibles (Figs. 1 and 2). From the known Smithistruma and 
Trichoscapa species of eastern Asia, the canina worker may be 
separated by its head shape and by the total lack of standing pilosity 
on head, scapes and trunk. 
Dr. Masao Kubota, of Odawara, Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan, 
deserves thanks, not only for the opportunity to study the many 
excellently prepared specimens of P. canina, but also for notes on the 
biology of the species summarized below. 
P. canina is an uncommon species, found in the Kanto District and 
southward. It inhabits the floor of coastal evergreen broadleafed 
forest, which is generally subtropical. Nests are found in small pieces 
of rotten wood, rotten fallen branches, under moist leaf litter, or at a 
slight depth in the humus. The largest colony censused contained one 
queen and 57 workers. 
