226 
Psyche 
[June-September 
outline of the head is faintly indicated in specimen HTP 415. 
Handlirsch’s drawing (1911) of the type includes a suggestion of the 
head or part of it, but we have been unable to discern the structure 
that he has drawn. However, the head as shown in specimen HTP 
415 is very small with respect to the rest of the insect, although of 
course the head as preserved in the fossil is seen from above and 
does not show its full length. The meso- and metathorax, on the 
other hand, appear large relative to the rest of the insect. The 
abdominal segments are virtually homonomous, with only a slight 
reduction in the width posteriorly. 
Affinities of the Prochoropteridae 
Opinions of the affinities of calopteryx, based on the type, have 
been diverse. Handlirsch (1911, 1919, 1920) considered it to belong 
to the Megasecoptera. Carpenter (1940), following the discovery of 
another and apparently related Pennsylvanian insect ( Euchoroptera 
longipennis), concluded that the family Prochoropteridae had close 
affinities with the Permian family Asthenohymenidae, then con- 
sidered to be the most highly specialized of the Megasecoptera. 
However, Haupt (1941), basing his conclusions on Handlirsch’s 
brief account of Prochoroptera, designated a new order, Palaeo- 
hymenoptera, for the family Prochoropteridae, assigning it to his 
“Legion Hymenopteroidea”, which also included the Hymenoptera. 
Unaware of that publication 6 Carpenter (1947, 1954) proposed that 
the families Prochoropteridae and Diaphanopteridae (Cormnentry, 
France), along with two other Permian families, be placed in a 
separate suborder of the Megasecoptera. However, Rohdendorf in 
1962 adopted the ordinal name Diaphanopterodea for that series of 
families, since the taxon had been named by Handlirsch (1919) for 
the Diaphanopteridae. That term has subsequently been generally 
accepted. 
The order Diaphanopterodea is now recognized as belonging to 
the Palaeoptera and as allied to the Palaeodictyoptera and Mega- 
secoptera, all of their members possessing haustellate mouthparts 
and long cerci. Alone in this series, however, the Diaphanopterodea 
had the ability to “fold” their wings at rest along the abdomen. The 
6 The journal containing Haupt’s 1941 paper (Zeitschrift fur Naturwissenschaften, 
Halle) was not received by the library at Harvard University until January, 1958. 
