1978] 
Henry — Ascalaphid Larva 
273 
the anterior ones on each abdominal segment. This conclusion 
should be tested further. 
Although the African specimen is primitive or generalized in most 
respects, its scale-like setae and flattened dolichasters are a signifi- 
cant specialization shared only with New World Neuroptynginae. 
Based upon this single apomorphy, the larva could be classified with 
the Neuroptynginae, for which no larvae are known from the Old 
World; the dorsal location of abdominal spiracles I and II of New 
World forms could then be interpreted as an additional specializa- 
tion within a subgroup of the subfamily, associated with scolus 
migration in response to dorso-ventral flattening and exposed living 
habits. 
Acknowledgements 
This work was made possible by grants to the author from the 
Research Foundation of The University of Connecticut (Storrs) and 
from the National Science Foundation (DEB77-1 2443). I thank Dr. 
James A. Slater (University of Connecticut) for loan of the Mkuze 
specimen from his personal collection and for his constructive 
comments on the manuscript. Ms. Marian Gergler kindly typed and 
edited the manuscript, while Ms. Mary Jane Spring prepared the 
cladogram reproduced in Fig. 4. 
References 
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