360 
Psyche 
[December 
in which the larvae spend a mean of 14 days (range 12-16, n = 7) 
before pupating. The total larval duration then has a mean time of 
34 days (range 23-40, n = 7). The pupal stage lasts for a mean of 20 
days (range 14-24, n = 6), and pupal darkening is evident for the last 
two days before eclosion. The newly emerged adult remains in the 
pupal chamber for 5 days (n = 3) before emerging. The cycle is 
similar to that of several litter and cave species of Ptomaphagus at 
the same temperature (Peck, 1973, 1975, and unpubl.). Total 
longevity of adults is unknown. Adults of unknown age collected in 
April lived in culture for up to 10 months. Oviposition frequency 
could be determined for only one paired female which laid 9 eggs in 
30 days at intervals of from 1 to 10 days. 
The larvae are very similar to those of Ptomaphagus and I am 
unable to confidently distinguish the two. There is no strong 
evidence for seasonality in reproduction. In caves (and deep soil?) it 
may occur whenever moisture and food conditions are suitable and 
this probably holds for forest litter situations with cool-moist 
seasons being better than warm-dry ones. 
Systematics 
Methods and Materials. Specimens were borrowed from the 
following collections and curators: American Museum of Natural 
History (AMNH), Lee Herman; Field Museum of Natural History 
(FMNH), Henry Dybas; Illinois Natural History Survey (INHS), 
Milton W. Sanderson; United States National Museum (USNM), 
John Kingsolver; Museum of Natural History, University of Ala- 
bama (UANH), Herbert Boschung; Museum of Comparative Zool- 
ogy (MCZ), John Lawrence and Alfred Newton. Specimens not 
attributed to these collections are in that of the author. Types are 
deposited in the Canadian National Collection (CNC) unless other- 
wise indicated. Initials of collectors who frequently found material 
are as follows: SBP, Stewart B. Peck, often helped by Alan Fiske, 
James Peck, and Jarmila Peck; WBJ, the late Walter B. Jones, often 
helped by A. Flannagan, J. M. Valentine, and others; HRS, 
Harrison R. Steeves, Jr., often helped by J. Patrick. WRS, Walter 
R. Suter. All HRS and WRS material is in the FMNH. 
My collecting methods are described in sufficient detail elsewhere 
(1973, 1977, and Newton and Peck, 1975) and need not be repeated. 
This is also true for the methodology of specimen preparation, with 
one major exception. A scanning electron microscope (SEM) was 
