1983] 
Johnson — Claeocleres hivittata 
143 
Table I. Lengths (mm) of ClaeoJerc.s hivinata individuals in different categories. 
The two means marked with an asterisk are the only two compared within a sex that 
are significantly different. 
Females 
Males 
n 
X 
S.D. 
n 
X 
S.D. 
99 drilling alone 
1 1 
19.73* 
2.45 
(5(5 without partners 
14 
25.21 
7.30 
Guarded, drilling 
99 
49 
20.08 
3.67 
Guarding 55 
49 
24.55 
6.76 
Random sample of 
99 
128 
20.97 
4.35 
Random sample of 
(5(5 
101 
25.91 
7.21 
99 that mated 
52 
22.21* 
4.20 
55 that mated 
52 
24.77 
8.09 
mean ±S.D. size difference between the males was 13.6 ±8. 5mm. In 
the 19 cases of intolerance, the mean S.D. size difference was only 
5.8 ±5.7 mm. The males in the cases of co-occurrence were, in fact, 
significantly more disparate in size (p < .02, 2-tailed, Mann- 
Whitney U test). 
The joint attendance of a drilling female by the two medium-sized 
males was short-lived (4 min). The small and large male combina- 
tions, on the other hand, were more persistent (x = 19.8 ±10.5 min). 
Stability was achieved in part because the small male kept a “low 
profile.” The small males were unaggressive, even if poked, and 5/6 
of them spent most of their time partway under the drilling female. 
Usually it was the rostrum that was tucked under the female, but 
two individuals crawled under the female at right angles to her long 
axis and centered themselves beneath her. Postures in which a male 
placed part of himself under the female were exhibited only by small 
males in the presence of a large male guard. 
Opportunities to mate did arise for 5 of the 6 small males, despite 
the existence of the larger guards. Three of the small males mated 
while the large male was fighting off a large intruder. One small 
male mated while the large male stood with his snout resting on the 
female’s head. Another small male waited until the onset of oviposi- 
tion, when the large male left. He then interrupted the post- 
oviposition rocking behavior of the female in order to copulate. The 
small male that did not mate was driven off by the large male guard, 
who was aroused from quiescence by a 38 mm intruder who nipped 
him and mated with his female. 
