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Psyche 
[Vol. 90 
TABLE 3. ANOVA of the effects of date and location in nest on larva 
development times. 
Main Effects 
Location in nest Date 
Interaction 
Location in nest 
X date 
Small nest 
Sum of squares 
25 
148 
22 
F 
1.4 
5.6 
1.3 
df 
2 
3 
2 
% of variance explained 
7 
40 
6 
Medium nest 
Sum of squares 
35 
2631 
49 
F 
0.7 
37.0*** 
0.3 
df 
3 
4 
II 
% of variance explained 
I 
35 
1 
Large nest 
Sum of squares 
821 
5842 
568 
F 
19.4*** 
138.1*** 
5.0*** 
df 
3 
3 
8 
% of variance explained 
7 
51 
5 
df = degrees of freedom, *p <0.05, **p <0.0 1 , ***p <0.00 1 
not support her conclusions. 
High mean daily temperatures characterized the entire period of 
this study, essentially eliminating temperature as a variable. The 
slight increase in temperature over the season would be expected to 
speed up development if it had any effect at all. The increase in 
development time with date may best be explained by a gradual 
seasonal decrease in abundance of prey. Later in the season larvae 
may take in less nutrition per day, which results in longer times 
spent as larvae. Also there is usually a gradual increase in size of 
adults over the season in P. exclamans (Strassmann, unpub.). 
Larvae destined to become larger adults may require longer feeding 
periods. In P. metricus midsummer workers are as large as queens 
(Haggard and Gamboa, 1980). These large workers were larvae 
when worker to larva ratios were at their maximum (Haggard and 
Gamboa, 1980). 
Development times of larvae were shortest on the medium nest 
which had the fewest larvae per worker. There are probably advan- 
