1983] 
Herbers — Social Organization in Leptothorax 
369 
Table 4. Time budgets for L. amhiguus workers. (Continued) 
Beha\ ior 
Proportion 
of Time (pj) 
l.a-A 
l.a-B 
1 a-C 
Total 
CDr 

.0042 

.00139 
EDr 
.0291 
— 
— 
.01021 
FdN 
— 
.0065 
.0004 
.00229 
FdO 
.0005 
— 
— 
.00016 
IFd 
.0005 
— 
— 
.00017 
DR 
.0008 
— 
— 
.00027 
Time budgets for workers of the three colonies are given in Table 
4. The largest elements in Table 4 correspond to resting; overall, 
workers spent 68% of the time motionless. It is interesting to note 
that the most sedentary colony was La-C, which had no queen; 
perhaps the high rate of inactivity was related to a lower rate of egg 
production or overall lack of queen stimulation. Even so, resting 
was predominant for all nests. The second dominant behavior was 
moving inside the nest, on average accounting for 13.8% of the 
worker time budget. In addition, self grooming was a large contribu- 
tor in all colonies observed, consuming on average 5% of worker’s 
time. Thus personal behavior accounted for the vast majority of the 
time budget; activities which can be called “social” consumed less 
than 15% of the workers’ time. 
Among social behaviors, time budget variation among colonies 
was minimal for some types (GP, ATW, ATB). Proportions of time 
spent in other behaviors were quite different among colonies; the 
most extreme case was LOT, which varied by two orders of magni- 
tude (pj = .0100 for La-B and .0001 for La-C). Kendall’s test for 
concordance showed that, despite differences in absolute proportion 
of time, rankings of behaviors by relative proportions were similar 
over all colonies (W = 0.763, 13 df, P < .005). That is, behaviors 
consuming a large portion of the time budget in one colony tended 
to be important for other colonies, and behaviors rare in one colony 
were usually rare in all. Despite quantitative differences in specific 
types of activity, overall qualitative agreement in time budgets was 
strong. 
