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Psyche 
[Vol. 85 
Table 2. Results of profile analysis. 
Results of test for differences in activity level by time period are shown at the top 
of the table; for test for differences in number of ants in each activity, middle of the 
table; for test for activity-time period differences (parallelism test), bottom of the 
table. Data are log-transformed. Symbols used are p > 0.01; *, p > 0.05; #, 
marginal significance. TP = time period; MW = midden work; CN = Convening; PT 
= patrolling; NM = nest maintenance. 
Source: Overall 
Intercept as main effect 
(DF= 29) 
(All 4 colonies) 
P 
Mean 
I 
Difference 
TPl - TP2 
346.4** 
-1.24 
TP2 - TP3 
3.9 
-0.07 
TP3 — TP4 
17.8** 
0.19 
TP4 - TP5 
41 1.5** 
1.19 
Midden Work — Convening 
206.6** 
1.43 
Convening — Patrolling 
175.8** 
-1.37 
Patrolling — Nest Maintenance 
256.9** 
2.55 
1. 
TPl, MW - TP1,CN - 
TP5,MW+ TP5,CN 
8.6** 
-0.19 
2. 
TPl.CN -TPLPT — 
TP5,CN +TP5,PT 
9.5** 
0.17 
3. 
TP1,PT -TPLNM- 
TP5,PT +TP5,NM 
48.1** 
0.25 
4. 
TP1,MW - TP1,CN - 
TP3,MW+ TP3,CN 
115.4** 
0.59 
5. 
TP1,CN -TPLPT - 
TP3,CN +TP3,PT 
132.9** 
-0.60 
6. 
TP1,PT -TPLNM- 
TP3,PT +TP3,NM 
13.5 
0.11 
7. 
TP3,MW - TP3,CN - 
TP4,MW+ TP4,PT 
2.9 
-0.06 
8. 
TP3,CN - TP3,PT — 
TP4,CN +TP4,PT 
0.5 
0.03 
9. 
TP3,PT TP3,NM — 
TP4,PT +TP4,NM 
5.7* 
0.06 
10. 
TP4,MW - TP4,CN - 
TP2,MW+TP2,CN 
51.9** 
0.21 
11. 
TP4,CN — TP4,PT — 
TP2,CN +TP2,PT 
28.6** 
-0.21 
12. 
TP4,PT TP4,NM - 
TP2,PT +TP2,NM 
10.5** 
-0.12 
13. 
TP4,MW - TP4,NM — 
TP2,MW+ TP2,NM 
11.2** 
-0.12 
14. 
TP3,PT — TP3,NM — 
TP5.pt +TP5.NM 
26.9** 
0.14 
15. 
TP2,PT - TP2,NM - 
TP5.pt +TP5.NM 
32.9** 
0.19 
level (sometimes called foraging activity) is related to temperature 
(Rogers 1974, Whitford and Ettershank 1975, Bernstein 1979). My 
results support this suggestion. During TP2 through TP4, when the 
individual lamps were on and the soil temperatures were highest 
(Figure 2), colonies were significantly more active than they were 
during time periods 1 and 5. Temperatures in the field often become 
so high that ants are inactive from midday until early evening. In the 
