110 Psyche [Sept.-Dee. 
I view evolution in Lycceides as a twofold process of growth : 
1 . as a generic growth — involving the whole of the male geni- 
talic structure, so that the absolute size of the uncus (independ- 
ently from the size of the wings) in its general graduation from 
the most primitive structures (F + H + U = about 0.9 mm.) 
to the most specialized ones (F + H + U = about 1.8 mm.) is 
doubled at the maximum limit of development; and 2. as a spe- 
cific growth — a process acting upon the relation of parts F, H, 
and U, attacking one part more strongly than the other, where- 
upon the latter tends to catch up with the former, producing at 
a certain stage stabilization and equilibrium, which eventually 
are again broken by unequal growth.’ Details cannot be dis- 
cussed here, but it may be noted that the generic growth pro- 
duces more robust structures in the palearctic section than it 
does in the nearctic one; that there is also a difference in the 
rhythm of the specific growth (H being the part conspicuously 
affected in the palearctic branch, while it is the relation U/H 
which grows in the nearctic branch where H is more cramped 
and sluggish) ; and that throughout the general process stunted 
by-products occur (holarctically), reduction in absolute size of 
structure synchronizing here with reduction in size of wings. 
I have separated the extremely numerous subspecies of which 
some 120, most of them badly chosen and poorly described, 
have names (with up to four synonyms in some cases) into six 
specific groups. In each there is a considerable range of racial 
fluctuation in the general size of the structure, and in F /U and 
a more limited individual fluctuation in H/U, but there is a con- 
venient Constance in the structural proportions (and in other 
structural details not mentioned here) of forms clustering 
around the main peaks of speciation. These peaks are: 
agnata 6 Staudinger: small structure, with H smaller than F 
and slightly smaller than U; 
ar gyro gnomon Bergstrasser: small to average, with H sub- 
equal to F and greater than U ; 
subsolanus Eversmann: average, with H smaller than F and 
equal to U ; 
scudderi Edwards: small to average, with H still smaller than 
F and equal to U ; 
6 It is not improbable that agnata produces in Turkestan a form paralleling 
scudderi (see Nabokov, l.c. : 95, nota ) . 
